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Wasteland Reclamation_Final.pptx
- 2. Last Session Climate Change Global Warming Ozone Layer Depletion Nuclear Accidents 5/10/2023 Environmental Sciences 2
- 3. Scope Introduction What is a Wasteland? Types of Wastelands Reasons for its Formation Why Wasteland Reclamation Wasteland Reclamation Soil Management Water Management Crop Management Wastelands – Indian Scenario 5/10/2023 Environmental Sciences 3
- 4. What is Wastelend? The National Wasteland Development Board (NWDB) has defined wasteland as “degraded land which can be brought under vegetative cover with reasonable effort and which is currently unutilized and land which is deteriorating for lack of appropriate water and soil management or on account of natural causes” 5/10/2023 Environmental Sciences 4
- 5. What is Wasteland Reclamation? Wasteland reclamation, also known as land reclamation, is the process of converting degraded or abandoned land into productive, usable land. It involves the restoration of soil fertility, improvement of water resources, and the re-establishment of vegetation cover. The goal of wasteland reclamation is to restore the ecological and socio- economic value of the land. 5/10/2023 Environmental Sciences 5
- 6. Types of Wasteland Culturable Wastelands: These are the wastelands which can be cultured easily or without much difficulty. No special measures are required for their reclaimation. These may reclaim at their own naturally with time. Non culturable Wastelands: These cannot be reclaimed easily and natural reclamation of is not possible. These can either be reclaimed with extreme difficulty or cannot be reclaimed at all 5/10/2023 Environmental Sciences 6
- 7. Types of Wastelands Culturable Wastelands: Gullied or Ravinous Wasteland Steep Sloping Area/Undulating Uplands Waterlogged or Marshy Lands Salt Effected Lands Degraded Forest Land Shifting Cultivation Area Degraded Pastures/Grazing Lands Mining/Industrial Wasteland Land With or Without Scrub Vegetation Degraded Land Under Plantation Crops 5/10/2023 Environmental Sciences 7
- 8. Types of Wastelands Non Culturable Wastelands: Barren Rocky Area Steep Sloping Area Snow Covered or Glacial Areas 5/10/2023 Environmental Sciences 8
- 9. Causes of Wasteland Formation Soil erosion due to high speed wind and water Salinization, alkalization, inundation of land areas Natural factors like tsunami, floods and tidal actions Anthropogenic activities like improper agricultural practices in terms of excessive usage fertilizers, pesticides, mono cropping, improper disposal of industrial waste, illegal and indiscriminate mining of minerals, Jhumming cultivation etc. Climate change and Environmental conditions like changing rainfall pattern (arid, semiarid conditions) Management constraints 5/10/2023 Environmental Sciences 9
- 10. Importance of Wasteland Reclamation Provides the source of income for rural people Help in maintaining an ecological balance in area Maintains the local climatic conditions Ensures a constant supply of fuel, fodder and timber for local use Improves the soil fertility 5/10/2023 Environmental Sciences 10
- 11. Methods of Wasteland Reclamation Soil remediation: This involves the removal or treatment of contaminants from the soil to improve its fertility and ability to support plant growth. Water conservation: This includes techniques such as rainwater harvesting, watershed management, and irrigation systems to improve water availability and quality. Reforestation: Planting of trees and other vegetation on degraded lands can help to prevent soil erosion, provide habitat for wildlife, and sequester carbon. Afforestation: This involves the planting of trees on land that has not previously been forested, with the aim of creating new forests and increasing carbon sequestration. 5/10/2023 Environmental Sciences 11
- 12. Methods of Wasteland Reclamation Agroforestry: A combination of agriculture and forestry that involves the planting of crops and trees together on the same land to increase productivity, improve soil quality, and provide other benefits. Landscaping: Landscaping techniques such as contour plowing and terracing can help to prevent soil erosion and increase water retention. Waste management: Proper management of waste can help to reduce pollution and contamination of land, air, and water resources. 5/10/2023 Environmental Sciences 12
- 13. Wasteland Reclamation It is the process of turning barren, sterile land into fertile land suitable for agriculture or vegetation and cultivation. Reclamation means recovering physical structure of land to rebuild the ecosystem. These lands can be reclaimed by following methods: 5/10/2023 Environmental Sciences 13
- 14. The Indian Scenario As of 2017, the total area of wasteland in India was estimated to be around 55.76 million hectares, according to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. This represents approximately 16.96% of India's total geographical area. The states with the largest area of wasteland are Rajasthan (12.64 million hectares), Jammu and Kashmir (10.79 million hectares), and Gujarat (9.70 million hectares). These three states alone account for more than half of India's total wasteland area. 5/10/2023 Environmental Sciences 14
- 17. References http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=89630 https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_content/S000014ER/P0 00273/M028175/ET/1520595447Paper03__Module30_etext.pdf https://vle.upm.edu.ph/pluginfile.php/169378/mod_resource/content/1/Lec ture%2014-Wasteland%20Reclamation.pdf 5/10/2023 Environmental Sciences 17
Editor's Notes
- You can't grow anything in a wasteland, despite all that open space — typically, the soil doesn't have enough nutrients for plants to survive. Sometimes a barren area with limited biodiversity is called a wasteland, though a few species do grow there. A neglected urban area, like an empty lot or a playground that's unused and in disrepair, might also be called a wasteland. Reclaiming lands that have been laid waste in an extraction or industrial process is "wasteland reclamation." Strip-mining coal produces wastelands. Using chemicals in an industrial process, then dumping the used chemicals either on the land or into a stream creates wastelands or releasing chemicals into the air in an industrial process can create waste lands. When there is no regulation of wastes disposal by the industry can create wastelands. And finally, nuclear accidents can create wastelands
- This can involve various techniques such as soil remediation, water conservation, reforestation, and afforestation. Wasteland reclamation is often undertaken in areas that have been affected by deforestation, mining, urbanization, or other forms of land degradation. It can benefit both the environment and local communities by improving soil quality, restoring wildlife habitats, increasing agricultural productivity, and providing new economic opportunities..
- As crops photosynthesize to produce their food, they remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and create the oxygen we need to breathe. Through this chemical process, carbon is sequestered in the soil. Disturbing soil by ploughing or tilling a field can cause the release of stored carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. When farmers don’t till their fields, carbon stays stored in the ground. This is an important way how agriculture can play a role in addressing climate change.
- These are just a few of the methods used in wasteland reclamation, and the specific approach taken will depend on the nature and extent of the land degradation, as well as the desired outcomes of the reclamation effort.
- The main causes of wasteland in India are deforestation, mining, soil erosion, and land degradation due to overuse and mismanagement. The wasteland in India is often characterized by low soil fertility, poor water retention, and a lack of vegetation cover. Efforts to reclaim and restore wasteland in India have been undertaken by the government and various NGOs and community-based organizations. These efforts include programs such as the National Afforestation Programme and the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, which aim to increase forest cover and provide employment opportunities for rural communities to undertake activities such as soil conservation, water harvesting, and afforestation.