3. ABOUT - EARTH
1. Our earth is one of the nine
planets in the solar system.
2. It is the only planet where the
life exists due to the presence
of soil, water and air.
3. Hence it is also termed as blue
planet.
4. Our earth comprises of living
and non living things.
4. NATURAL RESOURCES
Natural resources are basically classified on the basis of
their origin. They are biotic(living) and abiotic(non-
living).
Based on availability they are classified into renewable
and non renewable resources.
Renewable are the one which can be used for ever.
These are costly
example: water, soil.
Nonrenewable resources get depleted when over used.
These are cheaper.
example: petroleum, coal
5. Forest resources
Water resource
Mineral resources
Food resources
Land resources
Energy resources
These are some of the natural
resources commonly used which we will
see in detail.
6. FOREST RESOURCES
Any land that is occupied by wide range of plants and trees is said to be forest.
Forests are very essential for our daily routine as they give us many useful
products.
We get many items like teak, sandal, rose, bamboos and other non-timber
products such as medicines, fruits, vegetables e.t.c.
Forests provide us many commercial products like paper, gum, perfumes, honey.
It provides us oxygen and takes in the carbon dioxide thereby cleans the
atmosphere.
It controls the soil fertility by nourishing the soil with its nutrients and also acts as
an aquifer(checks the water level under ground).
it maintains the rainfall by cooling the air around them.
7. Forest resources are classified into 3 types , they
are:
Tropical/evergreenforest
i. Here the climate is comparatively hot.
ii. The trees appear green through out the year.
Temperate forests
i. They have a moderate climate where it is
neither cold nor hot.
ii. They are divided into 2 types deciduous forests
and boreals.
Coniferous forests
i. They have a very low temperature.
ii. Hence only pine trees grow there.
8. PROBLEMS FACED BY THE
FORESTS
1. Many natural disasters such as forest fires,
Floods and Land slides etc ruins the Forest
region.
1. Due to the Increase of the population, demand
for wood for uses like *fire wood, *Furniture
wood etc., has increased hence the large number
of trees are cut causing forests to suffer.
2. This leads to desertification, ecological
imbalance, soil erosion and re-habitalisation of
the tribals.
12. WATER RESOURCES
Water is a basic essential component in our life.
Without water there is no existence of life.
Water is classified into 2 types. Surface and ground water.
Again surface water is divided into saline waters eg. Oceans and fresh
waters eg. Lakes.
Fresh waters based on their movement are again divided into
lentic(static) eg. ponds and lotic(moving) eg. Rivers.
13. Importance of water
Water is very important for drinking and other domestic purposes.
It stabilizes the temperature.
It is said to be an universal solvent.
It is also used in agriculture.
It is one of the source to cause rainfall.
Water cleans up the land by immersing all the impurities in it and thereby
driving them away.
14. Threats to water resources
Water is destroyed by nature and man.
NATURAL DISASTERS
I. Increasing of algae in water called eutrophication.
II. Tsunamis
MAN INDUCED PROBLEMS
1. Pollution-adding wastes in water.
2. Addition of toxic substances from industries.
3. Over exploitation which causes drought.
15.
16. MINERAL RESOURCES
• A material which has definite chemical properties and
indefinite physical properties is called as a mineral.
• Minerals based on their property are classified into
metallic eg. Iron , copper and non-metallic eg.
limestone , coal.
• Based on economy they are divided into
critical(valuable for economy) eg. gold and
strategic(used in case of defence). eg. sulphur.
• The process of extracting minerals from their ores is
called mining.
17. MINING
Mining is done in different steps.Theyare:
1. Exploration or searching
2. Prospection-identifying the mineral in the
ore.
3. Extraction
4. Purification
18. Classification in mining
mining
Sub-
surface
surface
Extrac Open pit
tion
and dredging
purific
ation quarrying
19. DIFFICULTIES WITH
MINING
A. It disturbs the mantle layer of the earth.
B. It causes earth quakes and tsunamis.
C. Also leads to the drowning of the land.
D. Leads to acid mine drainage.
E. Deforestation is increasing rapidly due to mining.
20. FOOD RESOURCES
Food is that which provides us energy . This food comes
from the plants and animals. But today due to the
population expansion , over killing of animals and insecure
agricultural practices are being seen.
Modern agricultural systems are in use, such as the green
revolution i.e, growing plants with many hybrid qualities.
DRAW BACKS OF GREEN REVOLUTION
1. This method uses lots of pesticides and insecticides.
2. It causes soil erosion as the soil nourishing micro
organisms die due to the usage of fertilizers.
3. It increases the salinity content and creates water
logging.
22. LAND RESOURCES
A land is the area which contains biotic and abiotic
contents . Land is covered with soil throughout .
There are different types of soils in India.
Alluvial soil- rich in all the nutrients.
Black soil-it gives support to the plants.
Red soil-appears red due to the presence of iron.
Fruits or vegetables that grow underneath are
grown in this soil.
Laterite soil-majorly seen in mountains and
consists of potassium and sulphur.
Desert soil-hardly no plant is grown in this soil.
24. THREATS TO SOIL
Natural calamities like wind , water and man made
activities such as:
1. Storms causes loss of the top most layer.
2. Water in the form of rill , gully , riparian and sheet
erosions is one of the cause for soil erosion.
3. Using pesticides in the agricultural land.
4. Growing monoculture
25. ENERGY RESOURCES
o It is the capacity to do work . Any resource which
provides energy is called an energy resource.
o Based on their abundancy they are classified into
renewable eg. Sun, wind, water. and non renewable
eg. Fossil fuels , crude oil and natural gas.
o We can generate power from these resources.
o Eg. Hydro electricity, thermal electricity , geo
thermal electricity.
o To store and generate these resources we use solar
panels, wind mills, turbines, dams etc.
THREATS:
1. Due to the industries , mining , transportation
pollution is increasing along with which global
warming is also increasing.
2. Deforestation is also a major cause as it cuts all the
plants which are of good nutritive value.
27. STEPS TO PRESERVE
1) The first and foremost step to be taken is
afforestation i.e, planting as many trees
as possible by each person.
2) Water harvesting should be done. Letting
of industrial wastes into the water should
be banned instead recycling all the e-
wastes is better.
3) In the present days there is no particular
restriction to the mining activities which
must be minimized to a maximum in
order to control pollution and also save
the mountains. Following bio mining
methods is better.
29. A. Organic farming methods should be taught to all the
farmers.
B. It includes
• Mulching-a procedure to create natural manure by
sprinkling sand ,water over the dry leaves instead of
burning which again creates global warming.
• Composting is also one such method to produce natural
manure.
• Green manure that is obtained from cow dung is rich
nutrients.
a) agriculture practices like
i. crop rotation-changing the crop for every season to
make the soil rich with nutrients.
ii. Terrace/contourbunding-digging holes around the soil
in order to make the water stay for long time.
iii. Step farming in hilly areas .
iv. Farmers should follow bio organic method.
Usage of motor vehicles should be reduced to a great
extent.
Saving animals from pollution and over hunting should be
considered as a primary need.
