This document provides an industrial attachment report submitted by Amanuzzaman, a student of Textile Engineering, to his lecturer at Shyamoli Textile Engineering College. The report details Amanuzzaman's industrial training at Chandra Spinning Mills Ltd in Kaliakoir, Gazipur, Bangladesh. The report includes chapters on the organizational overview of Chandra Spinning Mills, the yarn manufacturing process including the various stages from blowroom to winding, and conclusions from the training.

1. Submitted By –
Amanuzzaman
ID No: TE-69/17
Level-1, Term-1
B.Sc. in Textile Engineering.
Submitted To –
Engr. Nuruzzaman Rana
Lecturer,
Department of Apparel Manufacturing,
Shyamoli Textile Engineering College.
Shyamoli Textile Engineering College
(A constituent college of University of Dhaka)
Industrial Attachment On
Chandra Spinning Mills Ltd.
Kaliakoir, Gazipur, Dhaka.

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INDUSTRIAL
ATTATCHMENT
On
Yarn Manufacturing At
Chandra Spinning Mills Ltd.
Boroicchuti Kaliakoir Gazipur,Dhaka

3. 3
Acknowledgement
I am grateful to Almighty for giving me the strength to successfully conduct my
experiment. I thank him for sustaining my efforts which many times did oscillate.
It is high time we expressed our Gratitude to all who are related to our training
session. First of all, we express our heartiest gratitude to our revered Asst.
Professor Khalilur Rahman, Department of Yarn Manufacturing for arranging
the mill training with convenience. We also express our humbly thanks to our
supervising teachers, Engr. Nuruzzaman Rana sir .Their thoughtful advices,
guidance and untiring effort made it possible for us to execute the training
activities effectively. I also show my gratitude to Prof. Dr. Engr. Md. Mufazzal
Hossain, our principal sir for providing the best of facilities and environment to
bring out our innovation, talent and spirit of inquiry through this project.
And thanks to all the management and non-management staffs who have helped
me during the visiting period and the entire persons who somehow have impact on
me in completing my whole report.
I believe that this endeavor has prepared me for taking up new challenging
opportunities in future.

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Contents
Acknowledgement.......................................................................................................3
Chapter-01 Introduction ............................................................................................6
Chapter-02 Organizational Overview .......................................................................7
Chapter-03 Spinning..................................................................................................8
3.1 Flow Chart Of Yarn Manufacturing.................................................................9
3.1.1 Carded Yarn Manufacturing Process: .....................................................10
3.1.2 Input/Feed Product manufacturing output/Delivery Product..................10
3.1.3 Combed Yarn Manufacturing Process:....................................................11
3.1.4 Input/Feed Product manufacturing Output/Delivery Product.................11
3.2. Blow Room.....................................................................................................11
3.2.1. Introduction .............................................................................................12
3.2.2. Objects .....................................................................................................12
3.2.3. Basic Operation In Blow Room:..............................................................12
3.2.4. Basic Parameters To Be Considered In Blow Room...............................13
3.2.5. Machines In Blow Room..........................................................................14
3.2.6. Wastage In Blow Room............................................................................14
3.2.7. Faults In Blow Room ...............................................................................14
3.3 Carding ...........................................................................................................15
3.3.1. Objects Of Carding Machine...................................................................15
3.3.2. Functions Of Carding..............................................................................15
3.3.3 Important Action Of Carding Machine ....................................................15
3.4. Draw Frame...................................................................................................17
3.4.1. Drawing ...................................................................................................17
3.4.2. Objects Of Drawing.................................................................................17
3.4.3. Actions Involved In Draw Frame ............................................................18
3.4.4. Requirement Of Drafting Arrangement...................................................18
3.4.5. Tasks Of Draw Frame .............................................................................19

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3.5. Speed Frame/Roving Frame/Simplex Machine .............................................20
3.5.1. Objects .....................................................................................................20
3.5.2. Tasks Of Speed Frame/Functions Of Speed Frame ................................20
3.5.3. Manufacturer Of Speed Frame................................................................21
3.6. Ring Spinning Machine..................................................................................22
3.6.1. Objectives Of Ring Spinning....................................................................22
3.6.2. Functions Of Ring Frame........................................................................22
3.6.3. Parts Of Ring Spinning Machine.............................................................22
3.6.4. Advantage Of Ring Frame Machine........................................................23
3.7. Winding..........................................................................................................24
3.7.1. Types Of Winding ....................................................................................24
3.7.2. Precision Winding ...................................................................................25
3.7.3. Non Precision Winding............................................................................25
Chapter-04 Conclusion............................................................................................26
Chapter-05 Reference ..............................................................................................28

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Chapter-01 Introduction
Textile technology education is based on industrial ground. Theoretical background is not
sufficient so, industrial training is an essential part of study to make a technologist technically
sound in this field. Industrial training provides us that opportunity to gather practical knowledge
Sim Group is a truly integrated undertaking. The textile division has the capability to offer a
complete product range for the export & domestic textile markets. The goal of the textile division
is to become the preferred partner for sourcing high quality fabrics & clothing from Bangladesh.
With high advanced technology & an emphasis on developing local human resources, the textile
division has the potential to make an important contribution to the nation’s growing readymade
garments export sector. The rationale behind the existing structure & future expansion of the
textile division is to capture value added at each stage of the textile manufacturing process.
Despite Bangladesh’s lack of indigenous cotton production capability Chandra spinning mills ltd.
has leveraged Bangladesh’s labor cost advantage & export competitiveness to maximum level.

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Chapter-02 Organizational overview
Name of the Factory: Chandra Spinning Mills Ltd.
Type: Yarn manufacturing
Total Area- Over 1 million sqft.
Human Resources - Over 700
Company overview: CHANDRA SPINNING MILLS LTD. Is located in
Chandra Rd,Gazipur, Bangladesh. The company GM name is Hazi Md. Shahjahan
Miah, B.Sc. in Textile Eng. (DU). Company is in yarn business activities and we
are involved in yarn manufacturing. Thy are 100% export oriented Yarn
manufacturer and supplier in Bangladesh. They are successfully producing quality
yarns in the export market in Bangladesh. .
They have quality control laboratory which is helps them to ensure the production
of right quality yarns. They give emphasis on customer perception. For this reason,
our products are being produced as per buyer’s own design, measurement and
sample. For ensuring bulk production and service to meet the expanding demand of
the buyer they have extended their factory and established different kinds of
machinery. They also employed highly skilled and professional workforce to
maintain commitment and provide optimum quality.

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Chapter-03 Spinning
The term ‘spinning’ can be referred to the whole activity or just to the final process of
making the yarn from fibers. It is the first steps of textile product processing. The process of
making yarns from the textile fiber is called spinning. Spinning is the twisting together of
drawn out strands of fibers to form yarn , though it is colloquially used to describe the
process of drawing out, inserting the twist and winding on to bobbins.
Fig 3.1 : Spinning section

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3.1 Flow chart of yarn manufacturing

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3.1.1 Carded Yarn Manufacturing Process:
Carded yarn is formed by carding operation without combing. This yarn made from short
staple spinning. Generally less 60s count yarn manufactured without bombing machine.
But in particular time 60s or 80s count yarn manufactured without combing. There lots
of short fiber in carded yarn, which produced less strength, yarns than combing.
3.1.2 Input/Feed Product manufacturing output/Delivery Product
JJ FIBERJJVFFH UF FBLOW ROOMDS SILAP
LAP CARDING CARD SLIVER
CARD SLIVER 1st
DRAWING FRAME DRAWN SLIVER
DRAWN SLIVER 2nd DRAWING FRAME DRAWN SLIVER
DRAWN SLIVER SIMPLEX ROVING
ROVING RING FRAME YARN
YARN CONE WINDING CONE
CONE REELING HANK
HANK BUNDING BUNDLE
BUNDLE BAILING BALE
Process: Carded yarn manufacturing process

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3.1.3 Combed Yarn Manufacturing Process:
Combed yarn is a yarn which is produced by combing process. This yarn is finer than carded
yarn. Generally combing produced 60 count or more than 60 count yarn. But sometimes 32
counts or 40 count yarn also produced by combing process. It is high quality yarn and it is more
expensive compared with carded yarn because its combining process is time intensive.
3.1.4 Input/Feed Product manufacturing Output/Delivery Product
LAP CARDING CARD SLIVER
CARD SLIVER 1st
DRAWING FRAME DRAWN SLIVER
DRAWN SLIVER 2nd DRAWING FRAME DRAWN SLIVER
DRAWN SLIVER SIMPLEX ROVING
ROVING RING FRAME YARN
YARN CONE WINDING CONE
CONE REELING HANK
HANK BUNDING BUNDLE
BUNDLE BAILING BALE
Process: Combed yarn manufacturing process
3.2. Blow Room

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3.2.1. Introduction
Blow room is the first step of yarn production in spinning mills. A section in which compressed
bales are opened, cleaned and blending or mixing to form uniforms lap of specific length is
called Blow room section. The cleaning efficiency of blow room is 40 to 70%. This is the first
section of spinning line for spinning of cotton yarn.
3.2.2. Objects
The objects of the blow room are:
1. To open the compressed bales of fibers
2. Remove dirt and dust, broken leaf, seed particles or any other foreign impurities from the
fibers
3. To transfer the opened and cleaned fibers into a sheet form of definite width uniform
weight per unit length which is called lap.
4. To roll the lap of predetermined length into a cylindrical shape around a lap pin.
5. To transfer the lap from the lap pin to a lap rod to a suitable and feed it to the subsequent
m/c (carding).
Fig 3.1. : Blow Room
3.2.3. Basic Operation in Blow Room:
The below operation has don main blow room section of a spinning line:
1. Opening,
2. Cleaning,

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3. Mixing or blending,
4. Lap forming.
1. Opening:
Here, the compressed bales of fibres are opened for making the cotton tuft in a small size (as
much as possible).
2. Cleaning:
This operation is used to remove dust, dirt, broken leafs, broken seeds, stalks and other foreign
materials from the fibres.
3. Mixing or blending:
Mixing or blending process has performed for producing higher quality yarn by reducing
production costing which is only possible by mixing different grade of fibres.
4. Lap forming:
This operation has done due to the below reasons:
• It is done to transfer the opened and cleaned fibres into a sheet form of specific width and
uniform unit length which is termed as lap.
• It is also used to roll the lap of predetermined length into a cylindrical shape around a lap
pin.
• It is also used to transfer the lap from the lap pin int a rod to suitable handle and feed it to
subsequent processing carding machine
3.2.4. Basic Parameters to be considered in Blow room
1. No. of opening machine
2. Types of beater
3. Beater speed
4. Production rate of individual machine
5. Fiber micronaire.
6. Size of the flocks in the feed
7. Type of grid and grid setting
8. Position of the machine in the sequence
9. Amount of trash in the material
10. Temperature and relative humidity in the blow room

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3.2.5. Machines in Blow Room
3.2.6. Wastage in blow room
• Dropping
• Dust
• Filter waste
3.2.7. Faults in blow room
• Irregular lap
• Knocking off before completion of full lap
• Rough appearance of a full lap
• Lap sheet thicker at one side than the other
• Soft lap
• Lap licking
• Dropping under beater & grid bars
• Formation of conical lap
• Formation of split lap
• Barrel-shaped lap
• Ragged lap selvedges

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3.3 Carding
“Card is the heart of the spinning mill” and “well carded is half spun” are two proverbs of the
experts. Carding is one of the most important operations in the “spinning process” as it directly
determines the final features of the yarn. High production in carding to economise the process
leads to reduction in yarn quality. Higher the production, the more sensitive becomes the carding
operation and greater danger of a negative influence on quality. The technological changes that
has taken place in the process of carding is remarkable. Latest machines achieve the production
rate of 60-100Kgs/hr, which used to be 5-10Kgs/hr, upto 1970.
3.3.1. Objects of Carding Machine
1. To open the flocks into individual fibers.
2. Cleaning and elimination of impurities.
3. Reduction of neps.
4. Elimination of short fibers.
5. Fiber blending.
6. Fiber orientation.
7. Sliver formation
3.3.2. Functions of Carding
1. To open the blend fibers fully and definitively
2. To arrange (as far as their length allows) the fibers parallel with one
3. To remove impurities
4. To blend the raw material further
5. To reduce the blend to a web of fibers and to divide it up into roving of the
required count, suitable for feeding to the spinning machines
3.3.3 Important Action of Carding Machine
Mainly four types of action happen in carding machine, these are following:

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1. Combing action: This action take place between feed roller and taker-in.
2. Carding action: This action take place between cylinder and flats.
3. Stripping action: This action take place
(i) Between taker-in and cylinder
(ii) Doffer and stripper.
4. Doffing action: This action take place between cylinder and doffer.
Fig 3.2: Carding machine

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3.4. Draw frame
3.4.1. Drawing
Drawing is the operation by which sliver are blended, doubled and leveled. In short staple
spinning the term is only applied to the process at a draw frame. In drawing slivers are elongated
when passing through a group of pair rollers, each pair is moving faster than previous one. This
permits combing, drawing and elongating of several slivers to make them strong and uniform. In
most modern worsted drawing sets there are 3 passage of pin drafting and roving process.
Fig 3.3. : Drawing frame
3.4.2. Objects of Drawing
1. To straighten the fibers in the slivers.
2. To make them lie in a manner paralleled to their neighbors and to the sliver axis.
3. To improve the uniformity and evenness of the slivers.
4. To reduce weight per unit length of sliver.
5. To reduce irregularities of fiber by doubling and drafting.
6. To remove dust from sliver
7. To make perfect blending of the sliver.

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3.4.3. Actions Involved in Draw Frame
Drafting: It is the process of increasing length per unit weight of sliver. It is mainly due to
peripheral speed of the rollers.
Doubling: The process of combing two or more carded sliver into a single form is called
doubling. In draw frame m/c generally six slivers are fed to convert into one i.e. six doubling.
Drawing: In the cotton industry the term is applied exclusively to processing on the draw frame,
where the operation is one of doubling and drafting. Drawing= Drafting + Doubling.
Fig 3.4: Diagram of draw frame
3.4.4. Requirement of drafting arrangement
The drafting arrangement is the heart of draw frame and thus the part which influence the
quality. The requirements placed on the drafting arrangement in general are correspondingly
high.
I. Simple, uncomplicated construction.
II. Stable design with smooth running of the rollers.
III. A mode of operation giving a high quality product even at high running speed.
IV. High degree of flexibility i,e. suitable for all raw materials.

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V. Optimal control over the movement of fibres during the drafting operations.
VI. High precision both on operation and adjustment.
VII. Rapid and simple adjustability of roller spacing and draft levers.
VIII. Ease of maintenance and cleanings.
IX. Optimal economic design.
3.4.5. Tasks of Draw frame
1. Equalizing
2. Parallelizing
3. Blending
4. Dust removal
Equalizing: One of the main tasks of draw frame is improving evenness over short, medium and
especially long terms. Carded slivers are fed to the draw frame have degree on unevenness that
cannot be tolerated in practice and slivers from the comber contain the “infamous” piecing. It is
obscured by draw frame.
Equalizing is always performed by a first process, namely doubling and can optionally also be
performed by a second process, namely auto leveling. The draft and the doubling have the same
value and lie in the range of 6 to 8.
Parallelizing: To obtain an optional value for strength in the yarn characteristics, the fibers must
be arranged parallel in the fiber strand. The draw frame has the tasks of creating this parallel
arrangement. It fulfills the task by way of the draft, since every drafting step leads to
straightening the fibers.
Blending: In addition to the equalizing effect, doubling also provides a degree of compensation
of raw material variation by blending. Their results are exploited in particular way in the
production of blended yarns comprising cotton or synthetic blends. At the draw frame metering
of the individual components can be carried out very simply be selection of the number of slivers
entering the machines.
Dust Removal: Dust is steadily becoming a greater problem both in processing and for the
personnel involved. It is therefore important to remove dust to the greatest practical extent at
every possible point within the overall process.
Dust removal can only be carried out to a significant when there are high levels of fiber. Since a
large function the smallest particles adhere relatively strong to the fibers. High performance draw
frame is equipped with appropriate suction removal systems; more than 80% of the incoming
dust is extracted

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3.5. Speed Frame/Roving Frame/Simplex machine
The output from the draw frame is fed into the roving frame (also called ‘speed frame or
simplex machine or flyer frame‘) where the linear density of sliver is reduced by drafting and
the resultant product is called the roving. After the drafting operation, the roving is wound on the
bobbin. During winding, a little amount of twist is imparted to the roving.
3.5.1. Objects
1.To draft the drawframe sliver to reduce weight per unit length.
2. To insert small amount of twist into the roving.
3.To wind twisted roving onto the bobbin.
3.5.2. Tasks of Speed Frame/Functions of Speed Frame
The major tasks of the speed frame process are listed as follow
Creeling: To feed the sliver by the help of several rows of driven rollers to the machine.
Drafting: To reduce the size of the strand.
Twisting: To impart necessary strength.
Laying : To put the coils on the bobbins.
Winding: To wind successive layers on the bobbin at the proper rate of speed.
Building: To shorten successive layers to make conical ends on the package of roving
Doffing : To replace an empty bobbin at the place of full bobbin.
Fig 3.5. : The twisted roving system

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3.5.3. Manufacturer of Speed Frame
1. Rieter (Switzerland)
Used in recent spinning mill
2. Toyoda (Japan)(FL-16, FL- 100)
Used most in our country
3. LMW (India)/Laskmi
Fig 3.6. : Speed frame machine

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3.6. Ring spinning machine
Ring spinning machine in the textile industry is an industrial machinery used for spinning
process to convert the roving into very fine yarn and then wind it onto bobbins for storage. The
operation of ring spinning machine is creeling, drafting, twisting, winding, building and doffing.
3.6.1. Objectives of Ring Spinning
Following are the core objectives of ring spinning
1. To draft the roving fed to the ring spinning frame that is convert roving into very
fine strand called yarn.
2. To impart strength to the yarn by inserting the necessary amount of twist.
3. To collect twisted strand called yarn onto handy and transportable package by
winding the twisted thread on a cylindrical bobbin or tube.
3.6.2. Functions of ring frame
• Drafting: draft the roving for required fineness.
• Twisting: for required count and strength, twist the drafted strand to form yarn.
• Winding: wind the twisted to bobbin.
• Spin: spinning yarn
3.6.3. Parts of ring spinning machine
• Creel
• Guide roller
• Drafting assembly
• Pigtail guide
• Traveler
• Ring
• Spinning wheel
• Spindle
• Spindle tape etc.

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Fig 3.7. : Ring spinning machine
3.6.4. Advantage of Ring Frame Machine
1. Any type of material (fiber) can be spun because it is universally applicable.
2. Production of very finer yarn.
3. It is easy to operate as compared with other spinning machines of textile industry

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3.7. Winding
Winding is the process of transferring yarn or thread from one type of package to another to
facilitate subsequent processing. The re-handling of yarn is an integral part of the fiber and
textile industries. Not only must the package and the yarn itself be suitable for processing on the
next machine in the production process, but also other factors such as packing cases, pressure
due to winding tension, etc., must be considered. Basically, there are two types of winding
machines: precision winders and drum winders. Precision winders, used primarily for filament
yarn, have a traverse driven by a cam that is synchronized with the spindle and produce packages
with a diamond-patterned wind. Drum winders are used principally for spun yarns; the package
is driven by frictional contact between the surface of the package and the drum.
Fig 3.8. : Winding machine
3.7.1. Types of Winding
1. Precision Winding

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2. Non Precision Winding
3.7.2. Precision Winding
By precision winding successive coils of yarn are laid close together in a parallel or near parallel
manner. By this process it is possible to produce very dense package with maximum amount of
yarn stored in a given volume.
3.7.2.1. Features of precision winding
▪ Package are wound with a reciprocating traverse
▪ Patterning and rubbing causes damage of packages
▪ Package contains more yarn
▪ Package is less stable
▪ The package is hard and compact
▪ The package is dense
▪ Rate of unwinding of package is low and the process of unwinding is hard
▪ The unwound coil is arranged in a parallel or near parallel manner
3.7.3. Non Precision winding
By this type of winding package is formed by a single thread which is laid on the package at
appreciable helix angle so that the layers cross one another and give stability to the package. The
packages formed by this type of winding are less dense but is more stable.
3.7.3.1. Features of Non Precision Winding
▪ Only one coil is used to make this packages
▪ Cross winding technique is used
▪ The package density is low
▪ Minimum number of yarn is wound
▪ The package formed is soft and less compact
▪ The stability is high
▪ Flanges are not required
▪ The rate of unwinding is high and the process is easy
▪ The packages formed have low density

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Chapter-04 Conclusion
We have complete our industrial attachment successfully by the grace of almighty
Allah. Industrial attachment program gives me to the expected destiny of practical
life. After completing 8 hours industrial training at Sim Fabrics Ltd. I have got the
impression that the factory is one of the most modern export oriented woven
composite complex in Bangladesh. During my industrial attachment program.I had
tried my best to do my duty properly. My supervising officer and guide teacher
were also satisfied with me and offered co-operation in every steps. It was
completely a new experience in my life which will be very effective in my service
life. During my training period, I also realized that practical experience is most
valuable for service life.
There are some suggestions from me within mine limited knowledge.
Some suggestions:
✓ The dyeing floor is watery most of the time: it should be cleaned all time.
✓ Increase the overall efficiency: more skilled labor should be used in a
projects.
✓ The machine stoppage time should be analyzed and minimized.
✓ The weaving section should improve and modern machinery should add.
✓ Sitting arrangement of production officer should be improved.

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Limitation of the Report:
✓ Because of the secrecy act, the data on costing and marketing
activities has not been supplied and hence this report excludes
these chapters.
✓ I had a very limited time. In spite of my willing to study more
details it was not possible to do so.
✓ Some of the points in different chapters are not described as they
were not available.
✓ This whole process is not possible to bind in such a small frame
like this report, hence my effort spent on summarizing them.
Lastly:
The special in this report is that the information, data and description is very
much subjective and practical. So, one can easily have an idea about the
whole weaving unit of SIM at a single look on it. The new comer can use
this report for further details study or can know without much work. But
what should be remembered the chemicals, some process steps may be
modified within the period this paper goes to the reader.

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Chapter-05 Reference
1. Handbook of yarn production, Peter R. Lord
2. Advances in yarn spinning technology, C.A Lawrence
3. Introduction to textile engineering, Dr. Hosne Ara Begum & Dr. Abu Bakr
Siddque
4. Yarn texturing technology, J.W.S Hearle
5. Advanced fiber spinning technology, T. Nakajima