Lffs poster apm (1) Allah Dad Khan

1. ILRIInternational Livestock Research Institute
Livestock Farmer Field Schools (FFS)
Integrated Livestock ManagementIntegrated Livestock Management
Bruno Minjauw, Gertrude Buyu & Dannie RomneyBruno Minjauw, Gertrude Buyu & Dannie Romney
b.minjauw@cgiar.org
A different researchA different research
approachapproach
Participatory data collectionParticipatory data collection
Knowledge generationKnowledge generation
Information disseminationInformation dissemination
The farmers, the extensionThe farmers, the extension
officers and researchers areofficers and researchers are
all stakeholders, participatingall stakeholders, participating
from the initiation of thefrom the initiation of the
researchresearch
(Lovell et al., 2002)(Lovell et al., 2002)
FFS are based on an innovative,FFS are based on an innovative,
participatory and interactiveparticipatory and interactive
learning approach in whichlearning approach in which
farmers are empowered tofarmers are empowered to
direct the learning processdirect the learning process
Focus groups of 25-35 farmersFocus groups of 25-35 farmers
with common interestswith common interests
Weekly meetings of 3-4 hoursWeekly meetings of 3-4 hours
A grant or loan of 600 USD toA grant or loan of 600 USD to
finance their activities and thefinance their activities and the
facilitation costsfacilitation costs
FFS MethodologyFFS Methodology
To enhance farmer’s capacity toTo enhance farmer’s capacity to
analyse their production systemsanalyse their production systems
and to identify their mainand to identify their main
constraintsconstraints
To test possible solutions suitableTo test possible solutions suitable
to their farming systems usingto their farming systems using
comparative experimentscomparative experiments
Build on existing knowledge enablingBuild on existing knowledge enabling
farmers to adapt and/or adoptfarmers to adapt and/or adopt
existing or new technologies, soexisting or new technologies, so
that they become morethat they become more
responsive to changing conditionsresponsive to changing conditions
and take advantage of emergingand take advantage of emerging
opportunitiesopportunities
FFS ObjectivesFFS Objectives
Agro-ecological analysis (AESA)Agro-ecological analysis (AESA)
Systematic observationSystematic observation
Problem identificationProblem identification
Introduction of recordingIntroduction of recording
systems & analyses of changesystems & analyses of change
Participatory Technology Development (PTD)Participatory Technology Development (PTD)
Design comparative studies toDesign comparative studies to
test possible solutions or availabletest possible solutions or available
technologiestechnologies
Special topicsSpecial topics
Ensure demand led informationEnsure demand led information
disseminationdissemination
Opportunities for non-livestock relatedOpportunities for non-livestock related
issuesissues
FFS TechniquesFFS Techniques
Acknowledgements: All colleagues from the Ministry of Agriculture, ILRI, DFID-AHP and FAO and Dr Nancy McCarthy from IFPRI.Acknowledgements: All colleagues from the Ministry of Agriculture, ILRI, DFID-AHP and FAO and Dr Nancy McCarthy from IFPRI.
The FFS approach was developedThe FFS approach was developed
by FAO in South East Asia inby FAO in South East Asia in
the late 80’s for small-scale ricethe late 80’s for small-scale rice
farmers to investigate and learnfarmers to investigate and learn
for themselves the skillsfor themselves the skills
required for, and the benefits torequired for, and the benefits to
be obtained from, adoptingbe obtained from, adopting
integrated pest managementintegrated pest management
(IPM) practices in their paddy(IPM) practices in their paddy
fields.fields.
During the 1990’s an estimatedDuring the 1990’s an estimated
2 million farmers were trained in2 million farmers were trained in
South and South East AsiaSouth and South East Asia
(Pontius(Pontius et alet al., 2000).., 2000).
In Africa, FAO is currentlyIn Africa, FAO is currently
working in over a dozenworking in over a dozen
countries from Senegal to Southcountries from Senegal to South
Africa (Simpson & Owens, 2002).Africa (Simpson & Owens, 2002).
Farmer Field SchoolsFarmer Field Schools
Participatory epidemiology is basedParticipatory epidemiology is based
on participatory techniques for theon participatory techniques for the
harvesting of qualitativeharvesting of qualitative
epidemiological data containedepidemiological data contained
within community observations,within community observations,
existing veterinary knowledge andexisting veterinary knowledge and
traditional oral historytraditional oral history
Participatory epidemiology techniquesParticipatory epidemiology techniques
integrated in the training ofintegrated in the training of
trainer coursetrainer course
Increase awareness of diseaseIncrease awareness of disease
prevalenceprevalence
Better understanding of theBetter understanding of the
farmer’s perception of disease riskfarmer’s perception of disease risk
Participatory EpidemiologyParticipatory Epidemiology FFS PrinciplesFFS Principles
What is relevant and meaningful isWhat is relevant and meaningful is
decided by the learner and mustdecided by the learner and must
be discovered by the learnerbe discovered by the learner
Learning is a consequence ofLearning is a consequence of
experienceexperience
Cooperative approaches are enablingCooperative approaches are enabling
Learning is an evolutionary processLearning is an evolutionary process
with open communication,with open communication,
confrontation, acceptance, respectconfrontation, acceptance, respect
and the right to makes mistakesand the right to makes mistakes
Each person’s experience of reality isEach person’s experience of reality is
uniqueunique
Lessons learned and outcomesLessons learned and outcomes
• Better understanding of the modalities of theBetter understanding of the modalities of the
FFS methodology and livestock extension policiesFFS methodology and livestock extension policies
• Hands on experience in creating an environmentHands on experience in creating an environment
where the poor are able to test and adaptwhere the poor are able to test and adapt
technologies, with opportunities to feed back totechnologies, with opportunities to feed back to
researchersresearchers
• Recognition of ILRI as an actor in developingRecognition of ILRI as an actor in developing
extension methodologiesextension methodologies
Adoption of the livestock methodologyAdoption of the livestock methodology
• Kenyan Development Dairy Project: Land O’Kenyan Development Dairy Project: Land O’
Lakes funded by USAIDLakes funded by USAID
• Special programme for Food Security (FAO) inSpecial programme for Food Security (FAO) in
Lesotho and SwazilandLesotho and Swaziland
• Farming In Tsetse Control Area (FITCA)Farming In Tsetse Control Area (FITCA)
projects (Uganda ,Kenya and Tanzania)projects (Uganda ,Kenya and Tanzania)
• CABI (Swiss grant project): Community BasedCABI (Swiss grant project): Community Based
Sustainable Resource Management Project inSustainable Resource Management Project in
PakistanPakistan
Recognition as a relevant partnerRecognition as a relevant partner
New Scientific collaborationsNew Scientific collaborations
• International Trypanotolerant Centre,International Trypanotolerant Centre,
The GambiaThe Gambia
• Institut Sénégalais de recherches agricolesInstitut Sénégalais de recherches agricoles
(ISRA), Sénégal(ISRA), Sénégal
• Ministère de l’Agriculture et de L’ élevage, BeninMinistère de l’Agriculture et de L’ élevage, Benin
• Dept. Vet. Parasit., Makerere University, UgandaDept. Vet. Parasit., Makerere University, Uganda
• Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of AnimalInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Animal
Health and Welfare, DenmarkHealth and Welfare, Denmark
• Network for Smallholder Poultry Development,Network for Smallholder Poultry Development,
DANIDADANIDA
• VETAID:VETAID:'Mitigating the Effects of HIV/AIDS on'Mitigating the Effects of HIV/AIDS on
Food Security and Agriculture in Eastern andFood Security and Agriculture in Eastern and
Southern Africa‘,Southern Africa‘, November 2003, MozambiqueNovember 2003, Mozambique
• Agricultural Support Programme (ASP) Kenya,Agricultural Support Programme (ASP) Kenya,
DANIDADANIDA.. ““Working participatory – not a change ofWorking participatory – not a change of
methods but of attitude”methods but of attitude”,, January 2004January 2004,, KenyaKenya
Livestock FFS projectLivestock FFS project
• 3 year project funded by3 year project funded by
DFID-AHP and FAODFID-AHP and FAO
• Under the umbrella of theUnder the umbrella of the
Smallholder Dairy ProjectSmallholder Dairy Project
(MoA/KARI/ILRI).(MoA/KARI/ILRI).
• Objective: Test and adapt theObjective: Test and adapt the
FFS methodology for livestockFFS methodology for livestock
purposes taking the smallholderpurposes taking the smallholder
dairy production system as andairy production system as an
example.example.
• Twenty-four livestock FFSTwenty-four livestock FFS
with similar characteristics andwith similar characteristics and
interests in dairy productioninterests in dairy production
were established in fivewere established in five
different agro-ecological zonesdifferent agro-ecological zones
in Central, Rift Valley andin Central, Rift Valley and
Coastal Provinces of KenyaCoastal Provinces of Kenya
Next research questionsNext research questions
• What are the pros and cons of the FFSWhat are the pros and cons of the FFS
methodology in comparison with other extensionmethodology in comparison with other extension
approaches?approaches?
•What are the policy and institutional parametersWhat are the policy and institutional parameters
needed for successful implementation of FFS?needed for successful implementation of FFS?
•What are the minimum monitoring and evaluationWhat are the minimum monitoring and evaluation
techniques needed to improve the FFS?techniques needed to improve the FFS?
•How can we improve the sustainability of the FFSHow can we improve the sustainability of the FFS
by testing alternative funding approaches?by testing alternative funding approaches?
•Are FFS suitable network for epidemio-Are FFS suitable network for epidemio-
surveillance or market information dissemination?surveillance or market information dissemination?
•What are the impacts of FFS on livelihoods in theWhat are the impacts of FFS on livelihoods in the
short, medium and long term?short, medium and long term?
Additional roles of ILRIAdditional roles of ILRI
Building capacity, research support and technicalBuilding capacity, research support and technical
backstopping to enable partners to test and adaptbackstopping to enable partners to test and adapt
the FFS methodology to their environmentthe FFS methodology to their environment