2. Parts of Speech
❑Definition:
The basic logical elements of a
language through we form
meaningful sentences is called
parts of speech.
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Noun
❑A noun is a word that represents a
person, place, animal or thing.
❑Everything we can see, can’t see,
touch, can’t touch or talk about is
represented by a word. That word
is called a "noun."
❑You might find it useful to think of
a noun as a “naming word.”
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Common Noun
❑Common nouns label general
person, place, thing or a group.
❑Common nouns are not capitalized
unless they appear at the start of
the sentence.
❑A common noun is present
everywhere.
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Proper Noun
❑A proper noun labels specific person, place,
or thing.
❑It's likely to be a personal name or a title.
❑Note: A proper noun always starts with
a Capital Letter
❑For example: Ali – New York – Grammar
Book
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6. How To Spot a Common Noun and a
Proper Noun?
❑A common noun
answers the question
"What is it?“
❑A proper noun answers
the question "What's its
name?“
❑Q: What is it?
❑Ans: It is a bridge.
❑The word "bridge" is a
common noun
❑Q: What's its name?
❑Ans: It is London Bridge.
❑The name "London Bridge" is
a proper noun
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Concrete Noun
❑Concrete nouns are the things
experienced through the sense of
sight, hearing, taste, smell and
touch.
❑For Example:
Fish, Smoke, Hammer etc.
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Compound Noun
❑Compound nouns are nouns
made up of more than one word
to present single concept
❑For example: court-martial,
pickpocket, water bottle,
classroom
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11. Gerund Noun
❑Gerunds are nouns that end "-
ing" and that represent actions.
❑Gerunds have verb-like
properties.
❑For example:
❑happily building a tower
❑quickly drawing the scene
❑In the examples above, the
gerunds are modified with
adverbs and have direct objects.
❑These are verb-like traits
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12. Countable and Uncountable Noun
❑Countable Noun
❑Anything that can be
counted, whether
singular or plural
❑For example: dog/dogs,
pie/pies, class/classes
❑Uncountable Noun
❑A non-countable /
uncountable noun is a
noun without a plural
form.
❑Cannot be counted
❑Uncountable nouns are
not individual objects,
they are always
singular
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13. Singular and Plural Nouns
❑Singular Noun
Refer to one person, place, thing or an
idea.
For example: cat, ship, hero
❑Plural Noun
Refer to more than one person, place,
person or thing.
For example: cats, ships, babies, heroes
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14. Formation (Singular → Plural) Nouns
❖ Add “s” to pluralize most count nouns.
House → houses
Mountain → mountains
Bag → bags
❖ Add “es” to pluralize count nouns ending in
“ss, ch, s, sh, or x.”
glass → glasses
beach → beaches
fax → faxes
❖ Numbers can be used with count nouns.
three hens
two boys
one idea
❖ Add “s or es” to nouns ending in o.
echo → echoes
video → videos
hippo → hippos
tomato → tomatoes
❖ Add “ies” to nouns ending in a consonant and “y.”
baby → babies
city → cities
❖ When a singular count noun is the subject in a
sentence, it must be used with the singular verb form.
The cover of that book tells us nothing
❖ The plural count noun is used with the plural verb
form.
The whales were swimming very close to shore.
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