1. Malignant Cervical
Spine Tumors
Operative treatment
G. SAPKAS
Professor in Orthopedics
Orthopaedic Department
for
Spinal and Musculoskeletal Disorders
“Metropolitan” Hospital
27. IInnddiiccaattiioonnss ffoorr ooppeerraattiivvee ttrreeaattmmeenntt
1. Spinal instability
2. Pain resistible to
conservative treatment
(radiotherapy –
chemotherapy)
3. Incomplete neurologic
deficit resistible to any
type of conservative
treatment
4. Rapid deterioration of the
neurologic deficit
30. Tomita’s ssttaaggiinngg ccllaassssiiffiiccaattiioonn ssyysstteemm
ffoorr tthhee pprriimmaarryy ttuummoorrss ooff tthhee ssppiinnee
Intra-compartmental Extra-compartmental Multiple skip
lesion
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Type 4
Type 5
Type 6
Type 7
Site
(1 or 2 or 3)
Anterior or posterior
Lesion in situ
Site
(1 +2 or 3 + 2)
Extension to pedicle
Site
(1 +2 +r 3)
Anterio-posterior
development
(any site + 4)
Epidural extension
(any site + 5)
Paravertebral
development
Involvement to
adjacent vertbra
Tomita T, et al, Spine 2001
36. These criteria allow the definition of a
pre-operative strategy and therefore
considerable variability in the choice of
treatment ranging:
• excisional operation should be performed
on those who scored above 9 points
• a palliative operation should be performed
on those who scored under 5 points
Tokuhashi Y. et al.
Spine 1990
37. Simpler system of preoperative
evaluation based on only three
parameters:
• the degree of malignacy
• the presence of visceral metastases
• the presence of bony metastases.
Tomita K. et al.
Spine 2001
Bauer H. et al.
Spine 2002
38. TToommiittaa’’ss ccllaassssiiffiiccaattiioonn ssyysstteemm
Intra-compartmental Extra-compartmental Multiple skip
lesion
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Type 4
Type 5
Type 6
Type 7
Site
(1 or 2 or 3)
Anterior or posterior
Lesion in situ
Site
(1 +2 or 3 + 2)
Extension to pedicle
Site
(1 +2 +r 3)
Anterio-posterior
development
(any site + 4)
Epidural extension
(any site + 5)
Paravertebral
development
Involvement to
adjacent vertbra
Tomita T, et al, Spine 2001
39.
40. PPaalllliiaattiivvee ttrreeaattmmeenntt
Palliative treatment, generally
produces modest results, but
contributes greatly to the quality
of life.
Moreover, it is reasonable to use
palliative means when life
expectancy is only:
4 to 15 months.
Wise J.F. et al Spine 1999.
Bouer H. et al. Spine 2002.
Pneumon’ s metastasis
Posterior
decompression & stabilization
44. a. Posterior decompression and
Occipitocervical stabilization
b. Post-operative adjuvant
chemotherapy - radiotherapy
N(-)
N(-)
A. St
F-84 yrs
14-7-2011
3 yrs pop