The effective way to prevent pests and diseases is small plant protection. This article mainly introduces the development status of small plant protection drones at home and abroad and introduces the application of small plant protection drones in the control of rice plant diseases and insect pests.

1. Application of small plant protection drone in rice pest control
Liucheng County is a semi-hilly region with low hills and valleys, karst
and low mountains. The Rongjiang River flows from north to south, and
divides the county into two parts, east and west, hills and mountains, and
west, karst mountains and hills intersect. The northwestern region has a
relatively high terrain, and the Rongjiang River in the central part
descends from the east and west. The central Rongjiang River is
dominated by low hill plains, with gentle terrain and below 200m above
sea level. The large arable land resources and the large area of ​ ​
suitable fruits and forests are conducive to the development of
ecological agriculture and ecological forestry. Liucheng County is located
to the north of Central Guizhou. It has a subtropical monsoon climate,
mild climate, sufficient light and heat, and abundant rainfall. The average
annual temperature is 20.1 ℃ , the extreme maximum temperature is
39.4 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is -2.5 ℃, and the average
frost-free period is 334 days. The average rainfall is 1348.6mm, the
maximum rainfall is 1623.8mm, the minimum rainfall is 986mm, the
average annual evaporation is 1419.5mm, and the relative humidity is
78%. The annual rainfall is less than evaporation, and drought or floods
often occur in 3 to 5 years. The prevailing wind direction is southeast
wind with an average wind speed of 1.4m / s. Rice is an important food
supply crop in China's agricultural development. In order to ensure rice

2. yield, scientific measures must be taken to effectively prevent plant
diseases and insect pests when planting rice, so as not to affect rice yield
due to plant diseases and insect pests. In the prevention and cure of rice
plant diseases and insect pests in China, traditional artificial spraying is
adopted. In the development of agricultural mechanization, rice planting
is also gradually developing towards mechanization. The effective way to
prevent pests and diseases is small plant protection. This article mainly
introduces the development status of small plant protection drones at
home and abroad, and introduces the application of small plant
protection drones in the control of rice plant diseases and insect pests.
The application of small plant protection drones is mainly in Asia, and the
most used countries are South Korea and Japan. Europe, America, and
the United States are usually large aircraft used in spraying pesticides.
For example, the United States has a vast land area, which has more
arable land and is more concentrated. Small plant protection drones
have a relatively small working area and are not effective enough when
spraying pesticides. In addition, American aviation is very developed,
and it is more convenient to use large aircraft to control rice pests and
diseases. Japan's earliest research and application of small plant
protection drones is also the country with the most mature technology.
Japan has a large population density, but cultivated land is limited and

3. there are fewer people and more people. Therefore, the area of ​ ​
cultivated land per household is small, and rice is the main crop grown in
Japan [1]. Japan's singular farming environment has created good
conditions for the development of small plant protection drones.
China is also in a state of less land and more people. Rice planting is
mainly small, decentralized farmland. When spraying pesticides, large
machinery working in farmland is prone to mechanical subsidence.
Therefore, in China, rice is planted and rice diseases and insect pests are
controlled by manual operations. According to the characteristics of rice
cultivation in China, we will innovate and improve small plant protection
drones, so that it is more in line with the situation of farmland in China.
China has carried out large-scale demonstration and use of small plant
protection drones since 2011, which not only improved the
mechanization of rice cultivation, but also achieved good application
results in the control of pests and diseases.
2.1 Small plant protection drones provide farmers with comprehensive
plant protection solutions
In agricultural production, small plant protection drones are a new type
of scientific and technological product. The development and application

4. of small plant protection drones can provide comprehensive plant
protection schemes, so that farmers have scientific basis to follow,
thereby increasing agricultural planting yield. The cost of producing
small plant protection drones is relatively high, and operators need to
have certain expertise. At present, most of the small plant protection
drones used are professional plant protection companies. A specialized
plant protection company will provide farmers with a plan to effectively
prevent diseases and insect pests in rice planting. After approving the
plan, farmers will sign a year-round disease and pest control index with
the plant protection company. The professional plant protection
company will implement a fully mechanized operation based on the
control indicators, thereby effectively Treatment of pests and diseases
appearing in rice cultivation [2]. The research and use of small plant
protection drones has changed the mode of service provided by plant
protection companies and promoted the development of plant
protection companies towards formalization. When plant protection
companies prevent and control diseases and insect pests based on
control indicators, they gradually create more specialized aerial spray
teams, so that the probability of using machinery in rice production is
effectively increased, and the economic benefits of rice cultivation are
ensured.

5. 2.2 Mechanization of rice production has been effectively improved
In recent years, science and technology have continued to develop, and
China's rice production has achieved mechanization of harvesting and
transplanting rice. In controlling rice production diseases and insect
pests, artificial control measures are mainly adopted in China. A lot of
manpower is consumed during the operation, and the operation
efficiency is not high. In the mechanized control of diseases and insect
pests, large-scale plant protection machines were used in China at the
earliest time, but in the process of spraying pesticides, mud traps were
often caused, which seriously affected the efficiency and progress of
pesticide spraying. The spraying operation of small plant protection
drones is mainly performed in the air, which can effectively save
manpower, effectively avoid the problem of mud trapping in plant
protection machinery, and avoid the disadvantages of manual spraying
and large-scale plant protection machinery when spraying.
2.3 The spraying operation of small plant protection drones is suitable
for various terrains.
In the process of mechanization of agricultural production, one of the
main problems of research is that the machinery cannot effectively adapt

6. to various terrains. If the terrain is rugged and unsuitable for mechanical
work, or the machinery cannot be stopped normally in farmland work, it
will seriously affect the mechanization of agricultural production. The
spraying operations of small plant protection drones are mainly
performed in the air, and the operation process will not be affected by
the terrain. At the same time, small plant protection drones are relatively
small in size. There is no need to build a special lifting platform when
spraying. As long as a square space of about 2.25m2 is vacated in the
field, the small plant protection drones can be effectively lifted [3].
Therefore, idle roads, open fields, etc. in the field can be used as
platforms for lifting small plant protection drones. If the terrain for
planting rice is hills, mountains, etc., which is not suitable for drone
parking, when pesticide spraying operations are to be carried out,
platforms can be manually constructed to ensure that small plant
protection drones can also rise and fall in these uneven terrain. Normally
implement pesticide spraying operations.
2.4 Meet the requirements for environmental protection and
conservation of medicinal water
In recent years, China's main requirements for controlling pests and
diseases in rice production are: environmental protection, saving

7. medicine and water, and effective application of small plant protection
drones in the process of controlling pests and diseases can meet these
requirements. When spraying pesticides, control the spray volume of
small plant protection drones between 300-1000mL / mu according to
the differences in flight speed, the requirements of the control target
(that is, pests and diseases), and the characteristics of pesticides used.
Compared with conventional sprays, the spray characteristics of small
plant protection drones are: spray droplets are more uniformly
distributed and the atomization effect is better. When small plant
protection drones carry out spraying operations, pesticides can be
added with anti-floating additives, anti-transpiration agents, penetrants
and spreading agents, etc., thereby reducing labor costs and farmers'
inputs to a certain extent, effectively. Improve the economic benefits of
rice production. In addition, when using small plant protection drones to
carry out pesticide spraying operations, the pesticide can be evenly
sprayed on the surface of rice leaves and stalks by means of airflow to
prevent the pesticide from remaining in the water layer and field soil for
a long time. Can achieve better environmental effects.
2.5 Ensuring the safety of pesticide spraying workers
When spraying pesticides for controlling rice diseases and insect pests, if

8. the contact distance between pesticide spraying operators and the
pesticide is too close, the pesticide may be contaminated on the
operator, which seriously affects the operator's personal safety. When
using small plant protection drones to spray pesticides, the spraying
method is remote control. Operators mainly use ground stations to
receive satellite signals, and remotely control small plant protection
drones to effectively prevent workers from directly contacting the
pesticide. Thereby effectively protecting the personal safety of the
pesticide spraying operator.
The application of small plant protection drones in China is still in the
development stage, and most agricultural areas have not yet been
popularized and applied. There are some technical problems in the
development of small plant protection drones:
1. The load capacity of domestic small plant protection drones is usually
small, and its operating area is also small. Although the small size of the
small plant protection drone can greatly improve the work efficiency,
when it is used in large farms, if the operator does not have the
professional technical foundation, it cannot complete the spraying of rice
pests in a short time.

9. 2. Small plant protection drones are still in the early stages of
development. Basic industry standards and industry specifications have
not been formulated, and there are relatively few organizations using
professional training machines. This situation causes farmers to
communicate with the manufacturer if they encounter problems in using
the machine, which usually results in delaying operations and greatly
reducing work efficiency.
3. The special agents sprayed in small plant protection drones have not
yet formulated industry or national level requirements for use and
unified standards. Generally, farmers will use general agents and have no
scientific knowledge of the amount of agents used. In many cases, it is
used based on experience and experience, which often causes problems
such as equipment failure and clogging of sprinklers. These problems
will adversely affect the effectiveness of using small plant protection
drones to prevent pests and diseases [4].
4. There is a fixed season and time for planting rice, so there are low and
high seasons used by small plant protection drones every year. Because
there is a large market demand for pest control in the high season, it is
easy to cause a large number of orders, and in the low season, there will
be a long period of idleness, and its low utilization rate will affect the

10. economic benefits of small plant protection drone companies.
Although small plant protection drones still have certain technical
problems in the control of rice plant diseases and insect pests, with the
development of China's science and technology and technological
innovation, these technical problems can be gradually solved. In the
context of China's vigorous development of agricultural production, one
of the key developments in the agricultural field is plant protection
drones, which need to develop plant protection technology based on
China's agricultural reality and actual needs. In the application of small
plant protection drones, by formulating industry norms and industry
standards, making it a state-subsidized agricultural machine, reducing
the price of small plant protection drones, thereby increasing the
purchase rate and market availability, and expanding small Application of
plant protection drones. At the same time, production enterprises must
establish and improve the training system and after-sales service system,
and build a complete industrial chain, so that the plant protection
technology industry gradually forms a benign cycle. China has vast land,
diverse crop types, climatic gaps and topographical gaps, which have
hindered the development of agricultural mechanization. However,
under the continuous innovation of science and technology, it is not a
problem to use small plant protection drones to effectively prevent and

11. control rice plant diseases and insect pests. .
In rice pest control, small plant protection drones have better
applications. In the context of professional and mechanized
development of rice cultivation, more and more rice growers have begun
to pay attention to the application of small plant protection drones. The
state should actively formulate industry standards to ensure the orderly
development and application of small plant protection drones, thereby
effectively promoting the development of small plant protection drones
in the prevention and control of rice pests and diseases, increasing rice
planting yield, and promoting the development of China's agricultural
sector.
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