Gas power plant PPT

1. SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT
SUBMITTED BY-
AKSHAYA KUMAR BAKSHI
(1403240024)

2. PRAGATI POWER
CORPORATION LIMITED

3. ABOUT THE COMPANYABOUT THE COMPANY
PRAGATI POWER CORPORATION LIMITED
Pragati Power Corporation Limited is an undertaking of
Government of NCT of Delhi. It was incorporated on 9th
January,2001 to undertake power generation activities for
supplying power to Delhi. It is one of the leading
Undertakings of GNCTD, generating profits since inception
and paying dividends regularly.It is presently having capital
base of 2,019 crores and asset base of 3,319 crores. The
projected asset base and revenue income of Company in
the near future are 6,000 crores and 5,000 crores
respectively. The first project undertaken by the company
was 330 MW gas based CCGT which was fully
commissioned in the year 2003-04.

4. ABOUT THE COMPANY
PROJECTS OF PPCL:
i. 1500 MW, PRAGATI-III, CCGT PROJECT AT
BAWANA
ii. 750 MW, Pragati-II, Power Project, Bamnauli
iii.Pragati – I (330 MW)

5. 1500 MW, PRAGATI-III, PPCL PROJECT
AT BAWANA
Some highlights of the projects are:
1- It is a Gas Based Combined Cycle Power Project at
Bawana in North-West Delhi, over 100 Acres land
adjacent to 400 KV Grid Station.
2- Estimated cost of the project is 5195 crores, 30% equity
funding from GNCTD.
3- Power from the project is supplied to: DISCOMS of
Delhi, state of Punjab and state of Harayana.
4- It has four gas turbines and two steam turbines.
5- 9FA-Gas Turbines manufactured by GE
•

6. PRAGATI POWER STATION
PLANTOVERVIEW It isacombinecyclepower plant uses
both steam and gasto generatepower.
Thesecombinecycleplantsproduced higher energy
conversion efficiency than gasor steam aloneplants. A gas
turbinegenerator generateselectricity and wasteheat isused
to makethesteam to makeadditional electricity viasteam
turbine, thelast step enhancestheefficiency of electricity
generator. Typically, combinecyclepower plantsutilizesheat
from thegasturbineto generatesteam. In combinecycle
power plant ,theheat of thegasturbineexhaust isused to
generatesteam by passing it through heat recovery steam.

7. RESOURCES
FUEL- Theprimary fuel for thegasturbineisnatural gassupplied by GAIL
through HBJpipeline. Thegasisreceived at GAIL terminal installed in the
vicinity of thepower station. Thecaloric valueof natural gasbeing received
for power generation isin theband of 8200-8500 kilocalories. Thesecondary
fuel for gasturbineisHSD/Naptha, which isto beused when no gassupply is
available.
RAWWATER- Raw water requirement ismet through sewagetreated water
being drawn from sen nursing homeand Delhi GateSewageTreatment Plant.
Thedemineralized water requirement for steam generation ismet up through
sewagetreated water by treating thisthrough RODM (REVERSE OSMOSIS
DE-MINERALISED ) process. Theproduction of cooling water requirement
for condenser and other equipment isalso met through STW after processing
through limesoftening system . Theplant effluent dischargeisbetter than
sewagewater. Infact, cleaner water isbeing discharged to Yamunariver,
making theproject eco-friendly

8. TURBINES
The turbines used in the power generation are:
FOUR GAS TURBINES: a turbine driven by
expanding hot gases produced by burning fuel.
TWO STEAM TURBINE: a steam turbine is a
mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion.

9. STEAM TURBINES
working of steam turbine In its simplest form the RANKINE CYCLE
works as follows:
The initial stage of working fluid is water, which at a certain
temperature is pressurized by a pump and fed to the boiler, In the
boiler the pressurized water is heated at constant pressure
.Superheated steam is expanded in the turbine,which is coupled with
generator. Modern steam power plants have steam temperature in the
range of 500°C to 550°C at the inlet of the turbine.

10. OPERATION
• Process 1-2: The working fluid is
pumped from low to high pressure.
• Process 2-3: The high pressure liquid
enters a boiler where it is heated at
constant pressure by an external
heat source to become a dry
saturated vapor.
• Process 3-3': The vapour is
superheated.
• Process 3-4 and 3'-4': The dry
saturated vapor expands through a
turbine, generating power. This
decreases the temperature and
pressure of the vapor, and some
condensation may occur.
• Process 4-1: The wet vapor then
enters a condenser where it is
condensed at a constant pressure to
become a saturated liquid.

11. GAS TURBINE
The gas turbine is a common form of heat engine working with a series
of processes consisting of compression of air taken from atmosphere,
increase of working medium temperature by constant pressure ignition
of fuel in combustion chamber, expansion of SI and IC engines in
working medium and combustion.
Gas turbine plants operate on BRAYTON CYCLE in which air is
compressed.This compressed air is heated in the combustor by
burning fuel, where plant of compressed air is used for combustion and
the flue gases produced are allowed to expand in the turbine , which is
coupled with the generator. In modern gas turbines the temp. of the
exhaust gases is in the range of 500 °C to 550 ° C

12. OPERATION
• The Brayton Cycle The ideal
cycle that the working fluid
undergoes in the closed loop
is the Brayton cycle. It is made
up of four internally reversible
processes:
• 1-2 Isentropic compression;
• 2-3 Constant-pressure heat
addition;
• 3-4 Isentropic expansion;
• 4-1 Constant-pressure heat
rejection.
• The T-s and P-v diagrams of
an ideal Brayton cycle are
shown.

13. COMBINING TWO CYCLES TO IMPROVE
EFFICIENCY
We have seen in the above two cycles that exhaust is at
temperature of 500-550 °C and in Rankine cycle heat is
required to generate steam at the temperature of 500-550
°C. Therefore gas turbine exhaust heat can be recovered
using a waste heat recovery boiler to run a steam turbine
on Rankine cycle. If efficiency of gas turbine cycle (when
natural gas is used as fuel) is 31% and the efficiency of
Rankine cycle is 35%, then over all efficiency comes to
49%. Conventional fossil fuel fired boiler of the steam
power plant is replaced with a heat recovery steam
generator (HRSG). Exhaust gas from the gas turbine is led
to the HRSG where heat in exhaust gas is utilized to
produce steam at desired parameters as required by the
steam turbine.

14. WORKING OF COMBINED CYCLE

15. HRSG- HEAT RECOVERY STEAM
GENERATOR

16. AUXILIARIES IN GAS
TURBINES
A GASTURBINE ISDIVIDED INTO FOUR COMPARTMENTSAS
FOLLOWS:
•1.ACCESSORY COMPARTMENT
•2.TURBINE COMPARTMENT
•3.LOAD GEAR COMPARTMENT
•4.GENERATOR COMPARTMENT

17. ASCESSORY COMPARTMENT
The accessory compartment is divide onto he basis of supporting
Accessories :
•1)STARTING MOTOR
•2)ACCESSORY GEAR BOX
•3)MAIN OIL PUMP
•4)MAIN HYDRAULIC PUMP
•5)AUXILLARY HYDRAULIC PUMP
•6)AUXILIARY OIL PUMP
•7)EMERGENCY OIL PUMP
•8)MAIN OIL TANK
•9)LUBE OIL COOLER
•10) ATOMIZING AIR COMPRESSOR
•11) ACCESSORY COUPLING

18. • STARTING MOTOR - Starting motor is 1.5MW electric motor. It takes a
command to start. It rotates at 3000rpm, when the rpm reaches 1800 the
motor stops and rotates due to inertia received from gases.
• ACCESSORY GEAR BOX - Accessory gearbox is connected to MAIN OIL
PUMP , MAIN HYDRAULIC PUMP , ATOMIZING AIR COMPRESSOR.
• Starting motor rotates due to which gear train rotates.
• MAIN OIL PUMP - Main oil pump supply oil for film formation for bearing.
(journal bearing)
• And the oil grade used is SERVO PRIME 32 supplied from IOCL.
• AUXILIARY OIL PUMP - When the turbine initially starts below 1800rpm, the
rotor rotates for which we need oil film, so in order to supply oil we have
installed auxiliary oil pump. As soon as the Turbine starts auxiliary pump
comes in action so that bearing is not damaged. It is AC driven.

19. • EMERGENCY OIL PUMP - If auxiliary oil pump is having problem like
tripping then we use emergency oil pump,which is DC driven.(run by
battery)but we cant use emergency oil [pump when the machine is running.
When can only use it when it is stopped.
• MIST ELIMINATOR - It is used to create vacuum, so that oil is automatically
transferred.
• MAIN HYDRAULIC PUMP - Is supply oil to the IGV (inlet guide vanes) and
to the valves, it contains pressure of about 110kg. It is a gear driven pump.
And pressure is developed according to the speed of gear.
• AUXILIARY OIL PUMP - When main oil pump is not working then Auxiliary
oil pump is under operation it generates pressure of about 115kg. And is AC
driven
• MAIN OIL TANK - Main oil pump is placed in the ground or base of a plant.
Oil is stored in barrels, there are total 60 barrels in which oil is stored.

20. • LUBE OIL COOLER - When film is formed oil gets heated ,in order to
cool the oil we have installed lube oil cooler, which cools the oil. Eg., tube
and shell type cooler it consist of number of tubes, oil is stored in shell and
water is stored in tubes heat is exchanged oil is cooled and water gets
heated up.
• ATOMIZING AIR COMPRESSOR - It is connected to accessory gearbox
and provides compressed cool air.
• ACCESSORY COUPLING - Is is a coupling between starting motor and
turbine.

21. •TURBINE COMPARTMENT
•The turbine compartment consist of :
•TURBINE
•COMBUSTION CHAMBER
•17 STAGE AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR
•FUEL NOZZLE- PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
GENERATOR COMARTMENT CONSIST OF GENERATOR WHICH IS
COUPLED WITH THE TURBINE.

22. COOLING TOWER
Cooling towers are heat removal
devices used to transfer process
waste heat to the atmosphere.
Cooling towers may either use the
evaporation of water to remove
process heat and cool the
working fluid.
The towers vary in size from small
roof-top units to very large
hyperboloid structures and can be
up to 200 metres tall and 100
metres in diameter, or rectangular
structures that can be over 40
metres tall and 80 metres long.
Smaller towers are normally
factory-built, while larger ones are
constructed on site.