anatomy branches, histology, radiology, genetics, embryology, medical terminologies like medial, lateral, anterior, posterior, superficial, deep; imaging anatomy

1. HUMAN ANATOMY

2. Anatomy - Structural organization of the human body
so that the doctor knows which structure is affected in disease,
which structure is examined by the doctor,
which structure is being cut during surgery

3. Overview of Anatomy
 Terminology from ancient Greek and Latin
 Branches of anatomy
 Gross anatomy
 Microscopic anatomy
 Cytology
 Histology
 Developmental anatomy
 Embryology
 Comparative anatomy
 Radiological anatomy

4. IMAGING ANATOMY
Techniques Used For Diagnostic Imaging
 Plain radiography
 Contrast radiography
 Subtraction angiography
 Ultra sound & Doppler
 CT MRI PET SPECT

5. 3-D vision as in Spiral scan

6. Organ systems
 Integumentary
 Skeletal
 Muscular
 Nervous
 Endocrine
 Cardiovascular
 Lymphatic/immune
 Respiratory
 Digestive
 Urinary
 Reproductive

7.  GROSS ANATOMY
 THE ANATOMICAL POSITION
Person standing erect with eyes looking
forwards , arms by the sides , palms
directed forwards lower limbs parallel
and toes pointing forwards

8. Planes of the body
 Coronal
 Sagittal
 Transverse / Horizontal /Axial planes
Divide the body in to superior and inferior parts

9. BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS
- cut into sections along a flat surface called a plane
(also called XY – cross section)
(also called coronal)

10.  Coronal plane – oriented vertically
and divide the body in to anterior
and posterior parts

11.  Sagittal plane – oriented vertically but at right angles to
the coronal plane and divide the body in to right and left
parts
 Median sagittal plane : the plane that passes through
the centre of the body dividing it in to equal right and left halves

12.  Terms to describe the location
 Body planes and sections
 Anatomical variability
 The human body plan
Anterior
(ventral)
Proximal
Medial
Cephalic
Superior
Superficial
Posterior
(dorsal)
Distal
Lateral
Caudal
Inferior
Deep

13.  Anterior and posterior / Ventral and Dorsal
 describe the position of structures relative to the
 front and the back of the body
 Medial and lateral
 describe the position of structures relative to
 the median sagittal plane and the sides of the body
 Superior and inferior
 describe the structures with reference to
 the vertical axis of the body

14. • Proximal and distal are referred for being closer
to or away from a structure’s origin
• Eg : Limbs
• Cranial /Cephalic- towards the head
• Caudal - towards the tail ( Caudum - tail )

15. Rostral
• : Head region - with reference to the nose
• Eg : Forebrain is rostral to the Hindbrain

16. Superficial and deep
 The relative positions of two structures
with respect to the surface of the body
• Eg : Skin is superficial to rib cage
• Heart is deep to the thoracic wall

18. External Internal

20. Limbs
 Radial & Ulnar [upper limb]
 Tibial & Fibular [lower limb]

21. Terms to describe movements
 Flexion – making a bend
 Extension – opposite to the above

22.  Adduction – moving towards the midline
 Abduction – moving away from the midline

23. Circumduction – combination of all the movements

24. Medial rotation – moving the anterior surface of the distal bone
towards the midline
Lateral rotation – opposite movement of the above

25.  Dorsiflexion – moving the dorsum of the foot upwards at the ankle
 Plantar flexion – opposite to the above

26. Protraction – moving forward
Retraction – opposite to the above

27.  Inversion – the sole of the foot turns medially
 Eversion – opposite movement
 Supination – forearm is moved so that the palm faces forwards
 Pronation – opposite movement

28. Movements of the trunk
 Flexion
 Extension
 Lateral Flexion
 Rotation

29. Movements of the trunk - Rotation

30. Arrangement of structures in the body
• Skin
• Superficial fascia
• Deep fascia
• Muscles,Nerves and Blood vessels