Pharmacology management of hypertension

1. z
Pharmacologic
Management of
Hypertension
Presented by
Sadu MadhuRoshini

2. z HYPERTENSION:
 Most common cardiovascular disease
 Effects of raised blood pressure
 Kidney- renal failure
 heart-coronary disease
 Brain-stroke

3. z ANTI HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
CLASSIFICATION:
Diuretics:
 Hydrochlorthiazide, furosemide.
Direct Vasodilators.
 Hydralazine, sodium nitroprusside.
ACE inhibitor: Enalapril
Angiotensin II antagonists: Losartan
Beta blockers:
 Labetalol, propranolol.
Calcium channel blockers:
 Amplodipine

4. z
Diuretics:
Furosemide:
 Is used to chronic renal failure, congestive heart failure.
Hydrochlorothiazide:
 Mild anti hypertensive.
 In combination with other anti hypertensives.
 Potentiates other anti-hypertensives.
Adverse effects
Hydrochlorothiazide: Hypokalemia
Furosemide: acute saline depletion, Hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia

5. z
Calcium channel blockers:
 Amplodipine,Nifedipine,Felodipine,Nitrendipine,clinidipine.
 Acts by blocking calcium channels present in smooth muscles of blood
vessels.
 Leads to vasodilatation and decrease in blood pressure.
Amlodipine:long acting
 First line drug for hypertension
 Monotherapy or combination therapy
Adverse effects
Hypotension
Headache, drowsiness
Nausea, abdominal pain

6. z ACE inhibitors:
 Captopril,enalapril,fosinopril,ramipril.
 Acts by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme.
Adverse effects:
 Dry cough
 Hyperkalemia
 Hypotension
 Tachycardia
Angiotensin II anatgonists:
 Includes losartan,valsartan,telmisartan,olmesartan
 Acts by blocking Angiotension receptors(AT1)
 Effects of (AT2) preserved

7. z

8. z
Thank you
 Reference:
 HARRISON’S PRINCIPLES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE