BY: AJAY VERMA NIMBIWAL DAULATPUR HISAR KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA

1. Submitted by:
Ajay Kumar
Roll no 56
Class M.Sc. Zoology (F)
SUBMITTED TO:-
Dr. Deepak Rai
Department of Zoology
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra

2. Livelihood:-
Livelihoods are the means that enable people to earn a living. This includes
the capabilities, assets, income and activities people require in order to ensure
that their basic needs are covered.
 A person's livelihood refers to their "means of securing the basic
necessities (food, water, shelter and clothing) of life.
 Livelihood is defined as a set of activities essential to everyday life that
are conducted over one's life span. Such activities could include securing
water, food, fodder, medicine, shelter, clothing.
A livelihood is sustainable when it allows people to cope with, and recover
from, setbacks and stress (such as natural disasters and economic or social
upheavals), and improve their welfare and that of future generations without
degrading the environment or natural resources base.

3.  An individual's livelihood involves the capacity to acquire aforementioned
necessities in order to satisfy the basic needs of themselves and their
household.
 For example - A fisherman's livelihood depends on the availability and
accessibility of fish.
 Livelihoods are multidimensional and a number of conceptual frameworks
have been developed to guide livelihood assessment given this
characterization.
 The most encompassing and basic framework accepted by the international
community is the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach or Framework (SLA or
SLF), developed by DFID (1999) and OECD (2001), which is used to gain a
better understanding of livelihoods, especially those belonging to the most
disadvantaged populations.

5. Wildlife:-
 Wildlife traditionally refers to undomesticated animal species, but has come to
include all organisms that grow or live wild in an area without being
introduced by humans. ... Deserts, forests, rainforests, plains, grasslands, and
other areas, including the most developed urban areas, all have distinct forms
of wildlife.
 Livelihood and Wildlife relation:-
The livelihood of human beings and other animals depend on the wildlife like
flora and fauna in term of food, shelters, trade and another economic
importance for human beings.

6. How wildlife help for livelihood
 It provides the following things for livelihood as given under:-
 FOOD
 SHELTERS
 ECONOMIC BENEFITS
1. WILDLIFE TRADE
2. WILDLIFE TOURISM
3. WILDLIFE JOBS
 ECOLOGICAL BALANCE

7. Economic importance for livelihood
 The wild life can be used to earn money.
 Wild plant products like food, medicine, timber, fibres, etc. are of economic
value and the wild animal products such as meat, medicines, hide, ivory, lac,
silk, etc. are of tremendous economic value.
 Wildlife provides us the raw and basic material to start any industry , factory
etc for our earnings .
 Wildlife is also considered to be the one of the greatest factor for increase and
better development of word trade and increase in national income.
 It also helps the farmers the most by providing a better way in ploughing and
other techniques .
 Since wildlife is the source of income to many they play a vital role in their
life as the economic factor.

8. Food:-
 All food comes from plants, even animals depend on plants. Hence, we obtain
food from plants directly or indirectly.
 Animal products are used as food directly or indirectly. Milk, eggs and meat
are important examples of food from animals.
Wildlife Trade:-
 Any sale or exchange of wild animal and plant resources by people. This can
involve live animals and plants or a diverse range of products needed or prized
by humans—including skins, medicinal ingredients, tourist curios, timber, fish
and other food products.
 Trade may have positive or negative consequences for the local livelihoods of
the poor, specifically their income source, assets and wellbeing.

9. From Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export
Development Authority (APEDA)
India's exports of Processed Food was Rs. 31,204.78 Crores in 2019-20.
 India's total export of floriculture was Rs. 541.61 Crores/75.89 USD Millions
in 2019-20.
 India's exports of Animal Products was Rs. 26,383.99 Crores/ 3,694.29 USD
Millions.
 India is the world's second largest producer of Rice, Wheat and other cereals.
 India's export of cereals stood at Rs. 47,287.12 crore / 6,611.09 USD Millions
during the year 2019-20.
 Cotton plays a major role in sustaining the livelihood of an estimated 5.8
million cotton farmers and 40- 50 million people engaged in related activities
such as cotton processing and trade.

10.  The indian poultry market consisting of broilers and eggs was worth INR
1750 billion in 2018.
 It is estimated that the jute, silk, wool industry provides direct employment to
more than 0.37 million workers in organized mills etc.
 Fishing in India contributed over 1 percent of India's annual gross domestic
product in 2016. Fishing in India employs about 14.5 million people.

11. Medicinal value:-
The rosy periwinkle provides the cure for
Hodgkin's disease and certain forms of leukemia.
Chemicals extracted from the Rosy Periwinkle
(Catharanthus rosea) increase the survival rate
of children with leukemia from 20% to 80%.
The Houston toad, which is secretes chemicals
through its skin. These chemicals such as
serotonin and alkaloids, are used as Medicines to
treat heart and nervous disorders in humans.

12.  In 2002, diabetes affected an estimated 18.2 million
Americans. An experimental drug derived from
Gila monster saliva appears to help people with
type-2 diabetes gain control over their blood sugar.
The compound triggers the release of insulin when
blood sugar levels are too high.
 WILDLIFE TOURISM:-
Wildlife tourism refers to the observation and interaction with local animal
and plant life in their natural habitats.
• A WWF report shows that 93% of all natural heritage sites support recreation
and tourism and 91% of them provide jobs.

13. .
 Tourism in India is important for the country's economy and is growing
rapidly.
 The World Travel and Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated 16.91
lakh crores in 2018 and supported 2.673 million jobs, 8.1% of its total
employment.
 Foreign exchange earnings from tourism in India 2018 is about 194,882 crores
earning.
EXAMPLE- National parks, Herritage sites , Wildlife santuary etc.
i. Kaziranga National Park, Assam
ii. Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh
iii. Taj Mahal
iv. Ajanta Caves

14. Wildlife jobs:-
 Parks and conservation worker.
 Environmental science and protection technician.
 Parks and conservation technician.
 Conservation scientist.
 Forest officer , zookeeper , worker etc.
 Tourist guider

15. IS WILDLIFE PROVIDE BENEFITS FOR LONGER TIME
So the answer for this question is yes if we save and conserved the wildlife.
 Harvesting of wildlife for international trade can have positive and negative
impacts on conservation.
 These largely depend on whether harvest is consistent with sustainable use.
 The use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does
not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity.
 And maintains their contribution to present and future generations.
Therefore , For the continuous uses of flora and fauna large no convention had
been held and brought the no. of rule or act, establishment of protected area
and board for conservation and monitoring of wildlife.