About Non timber forest products

2. INTRODUCTION
Forests constitute as one of the richest
natural resources of the world.
Forest produce is defined under section 2(4)
of Indian Forest Act,1927.
Forest produce can be divided in to mainly
two category: Timber and Non Timber Forest
Product
Non Timber Forest Products are also called
Minor Forest Product

3. Minor forest product covers grasses, fruits,
leaves, barks, exudates, animal products,
medicinal and aromatic plants, soil, mineral,
etc.
400 million people living in and around
forests in India depend on NTFP for their
livelihood and use forest products for their
own consumption and for income generation.
The WHO estimates that about 80 %
population of the developing world use NTFP
for health and nutritional needs.

4.  In all, around 10,000 species of plants are used
in Indian villages especially in far flung tribal
areas. So present population of developing
world use NTFP for health and nutrition needs
 NTFP`s provide raw material for large scale
processing enterprises such as food products
,perfumes, medicines , cosmetics etc.
 About 60 per cent of NTFP`s are directly
consumed away by the people in and around
forest areas.

5. Technically All Vegetable ,Animal, And
Mineral Products Other Than Timber And
Firewood Obtain From Forest Collective
Called Minor Forest Products(MPF)
The Word MFP Generally Indicate
Vegetable Products
 India Has Vast Source Of such MFP
Derives From Over 3000 Plant Species

6. FOREST PRODUCTS: TWO TYPES
 MAJOR FOREST
PRODUCTS
 Timber, Smallwood &
Fuel-wood.
 MINOR FOREST
PRODUCTS
 Grass, Fruit, Leaves, Bark,
Exudates, Animal Products,
Soil & Minerals.

7. MINOR FOREST PRODUCT

8.  The Word Minor Applied To These Type
Of Product is However a Misnomer
Because Over The Year Such Products
Are Contributing in Much More
Significant Way To National Economy.

9. TYPES OF NTFPs
 NTFP for Food Security
NTFP for Wood and Biomass
 NTFP for Medicines and Plant Protection
 NTFP for Aromatics, Dyes and Oilseeds

10. TYPES OF NTFPs
NTFP for Food Security: Honey, mushroom, edible
fruits and nuts, foliage and rhizomes
NTFP for Wood and Biomass: Useful for fuel,
furniture,and manure
NTFP for Medicines and Plant Protection: For human
beings, animals and for control of pests and diseases
in agricultural crops
NTFP for Aromatics, Dyes and Oilseeds: For
medicinal and industrial uses

11. Market structure

12. Marketing of non timber forest
products

13. Gross Value Of such Product May Be Much More Than What Is
Recorded.
Therefore, The Word Minor Is ill Suited And Much Appropriate That
Forest Product Other Than Timber And Firewood Are Called As NON
TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS (NTFP)

14. Apart from their monetary value, MFP are of
enormous economic value to the country in general
and to the population residing in or near the forests
in particular.
•In fact. The IV World Forestry Congress held in
Dehra Dun in 1954 recommended to name such
“minor” forest products as “Economic Forest
produce other than wood”.

15. UTILIZATION PATTERN OF WILD PLANTS BY
TRIBALS OF INDIA
8000
4000
750
600
500 325 300
100
Utilization pattern Of
Wild Plants By Tribals
of India
1. Medicinal (8000)
2. Edible use (4000)
3. Other material & cultural
requirements (750)
4. Fiber & cordage (600)
5. Fodder (500)
6. Pesticides etc. (325)
7. Gum , Resin & Dye (300)
8. Incense & Perfumes (100)

16. ANNUAL DEMAND OF OF MEDICINE PLANTS (INDIA)
S.N
O.
SPECIES DEMAND (IN TONNES) ANNUAL
GROWTH
(%)
2001-2002 2004-2005
1. Emblica officinalis
(Amla)
222729.5 41782.9 22.5
2. Withania somnifera
(Aswagandha)
9127.5 9127.5 9.1
3. Ocimum sanctum
(Tulsi)
3296.8 5402.9 17.9
4. Glycyrrhiza glabra
(mulethi)
873.4 1359.8 15.9
5. Andrographis
paniculata
(Kalimegh)
2005.0 2197.3 3.1
6. Tinospora
cordifolia (Giloe)
2258.3 2932.6 9.1
7. Swertia
chirayita(Chirata)
965.2 1284.7 10.0

17. S. No. Category Products
I Food products 1. Nuts. Brazil nuts, pine nuts, pignolia nuts, malva nut, walnuts and
chestnuts.
2. Fruits. Jujube and Ginkgo.
3. Edible fungi. Morels, truffles and pine mushrooms.
4. Vegetables. Bamboo shoots and palm hearts.
5. Starches. Sago.
6. Bird nests.
7. Oils. Sheanuts, babacu oil, sal or tengkawang or illipe oil.
8. Maple sugar.
II Spices and condiments 1. Nutmeg and mace.
2. Cinnamon and cassia.
3. Cardamom.
4. Galanga
5. Allspice
6. Caraway
III Industrial plant oils Tung oil, Neem oil, Jojoba oil, Kemiri or candle or lumbang oil etc.
IV Plant gums 1. Gums for food uses. Gum arabic, tragacanth, karaya and carob gums.
2. Technological grade gums. Talha and combretum gums.
V Natural pigments Annatto seeds, and indigo.
VI Oleoresins 1. Pine oleoresin
2. Copal and Damar(Resin produced by Dipterocarpaceae family tree
Damar) Gamboge (it is a type of resin produced from various evergreen
species), Benzoin gum (resin produced by several spp. Of tree in the genus
styrax).
3. Amber( It is fossilized tree resin .)
CLASSIFICATION

18. VII Fibres and flosses 1. Fibres. Bamboo, rattan, xate attap, aren, oster, raffia, toquilla straw
products, cork, esparto, Erica and other broom grasses.
2. Flosses. Kapok or silk cotton.
VIII Vegetable tanning materials Quebracho, Mimosa, Chestnut and catha/cutch.
IX Latex Natural rubber, gutta percha, jelutong, sorva and chicle.
X Insect products 1. Natural honey.
2. Beeswax.
3. Lac.
4. Silk. Mulberry and non mulberry silks.
5. Cochineal
6. Aleppo galls.
XI Incense woods Sandalwood, gharu or aloewood.
XII Essential oils Shorea robusta,Deodar , Sandalwood.
XIII Plant insecticides Pyrethrum, Derris, Medang and Peuak Bong.
XIV Medicinal plants Azadrichta indica, Ginkgo biloba etc.
XV Wild plants
XVI Animals and animals' products Ivory, trophies, bones, feathers, maleo eggs, live animals and birds.
XVII Miscellaneous products 1. Bidi leaves.
4. Soap berries (soap nut).
5. Quillaia bark.
6. Cola nut.
7. Chewing sticks.
8. Lacquer.
9. Dom nuts or ivory nuts.

19. USES OF NTFP
 The harvest of NTFPs remains widespread throughout the
world. People from a wide range of socio-economic,
geographical and cultural contexts harvest NTFPs for a
number of purposes, including but not limited to:
 household subsistence
 maintenance of cultural and familial traditions,
 spiritual fulfillment as well as physical and emotional
well-being,
 scientific learning and income.
 NTFPs also serve as raw materials for industries ranging
from large-scale floral greens suppliers and
pharmaceutical companies to micro-enterprises centered
upon a wide variety of activities (such as basket-making,
woodcarving and the harvest and processing of various
medicinal plants)

20. CONSTRAINTS NTFPs
MARKETING
 Unsustainable harvesting
 Old production technologies and methods,
 Transportation facilities
 Fluctuating and lower prices
 Commercialization in production of the NTFPs,
 Monopolies in the market,
 Non availability of good market and
 No proper research on market development for NTFPs

21. Material loss during collection,
processing and marketing of various
NTFPs

22. What needs to be done
Sustainable use & conservation of NTFP at the
community level.
 Improved livelihood for rural poor by equitable
distribution of benefits through providing
training for value addition grading, packaging,
storage, & marketing.
 Ensuring improved collection cultivation
marketing and benefits for women.
 Developing Bio partnership between local
communities and industries.
 Encourage confidence building measures to
invite private sector investment in research and
development for collaborated use of the product.

23.  Rationalization of trade practices , collection and
export, issuing of permits / licenses and levying of
taxes under proper legal framework.
 Establishment of demonstration plots for NTFP’s and
herbal drugs at Institutional level .
 Post harvest management of NTFP’s need emphasis
for ensuring remunerative market prices.
 Use of print, electronic media and IT for public
awareness programs specifically arousing
conservation, consciousness and judicious
exploitation amongst school and college students
through the introduction of topics on NTFP’s in their
curricular.