9781590709160 ch01

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.1© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.2© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Chapter 1
Overview of
Electrical/Electronic Systems

Objectives
Give examples of electrical and electronic
devices.
Summarize why electric and electronic
devices have replaced many mechanical
devices in the automobile.
Explain how modern automotive systems
interact.
Recall the basic components of a
computer network and their function.

Objectives
Identify the major parts of electrical/
electronic systems.
Explain the basic operation of major
electrical/electronic systems of an
automobile.
Recall the typical locations of
electric/electronic components.

Electric vs. Electronic
Electric device
Uses electricity to
do work

Electric vs. Electronic (Cont.)
Electronic device
Made of semiconductor material
Alters flow of electricity

Advantages of
Electrical/Electronic Devices
Better efficiency
Faster
More accurate
Higher fuel economy and performance
Fewer toxic emissions

System Interaction
All major systems work together
Faults may be difficult to trace
Training is absolutely necessary

Review
What are electronic components
composed of?
Answer: semiconductor material

Review
Which of the following is an advantage of
electronic components vs. mechanical
components?
A. They have more moving parts.
B. They are more accurate.
C. They require no electricity.
D. They need no maintenance.
Answer: B. They are more accurate.

Computer Systems
Sensors
Computer
Actuators
Wiring harness

Computer Systems (Cont.)

Sensors detect
Movement
Temperature
changes
Pressure variance
Chemical content
Part location
Rotation speed
Sounds
Other conditions
(Napa Auto Parts)

Computer
Complex set of
electronic circuits
Uses sensor inputs
Produces
programmed outputs
(Napa Auto Parts)

Actuators
Receive signals from
computer
Produce movement to
alter system operation
(Napa Auto Parts)

On-board diagnostics
Analyze circuit operation
Display warning or malfunction indicator
Store trouble codes
Scan tool retrieves codes

Review
The components of an automotive
computer system include the _____,
computer, actuators, and wiring
harness.
Answer: sensors

Review
What is the function of the main
computer in an automotive computer
system?
Answer: It analyzes inputs from the sensors
and sends instructions to the actuators.

Starting System
Components
Ignition switch
Starter solenoid
Starting motor

Starting System (Cont.)

Charging System
Components
Alternator (generator)
Voltage regulator

Charging System (Cont.)

Ignition System
Purpose
Ignites air-fuel mixture
Monitors engine speed and other variables
Components
Ignition switch
Ignition coil
Spark plugs

Ignition System (Cont.)

Fuel System
Electronic fuel injection
Used in all late-model vehicles
Injector pulse width controls fuel to engine
Almost instantaneous response to sensor
input

Fuel System (Cont.)
Electronic Fuel Injection

Lighting System
Provides illumination for night driving
Includes switches to control bulb
operation
Future systems
Fiber optics
Multiplexing

Lighting System (Cont.)

Instrumentation Systems
Navigation system
Displays road map
Provides vehicle location and direction
Driver information system
Informs driver of vehicle conditions
Some use alphanumeric code
Climate control system

Wiper/Washer System
Primarily electrical
Small DC motor operates wipers
Electric pump in washer fluid reservoir

Horn System
Switch on steering wheel
Relay sends current to horn

Horn System (Cont.)

Seat, Window, Lock, and Sound
Systems
Power seat system
Power window system
Power lock system
Sound system

Systems (Cont.)
Power Lock System

Systems (Cont.)
Sound System

Restraint System
Protects occupants during collision
Deploys when system detects rapid
vehicle deceleration

Restraint System (Cont.)

Suspension System
Stability control system controls shock
absorber stiffness
Active suspension system makes
wheels follow road surface

Suspension System (Cont.)
Computer-Controlled Suspension System
(Toyota)

Brake System
Anti-lock brake system maintains
Directional stability
Steerability

Brake System (Cont.)
Anti-Lock Brake System
(Mercedes Benz)

Traction Control System
Prevents slippage on slick pavement
Applies brake to wheels individually

Review
Which automotive system produces the
high voltage that operates a vehicle’s
spark plugs?
Answer: ignition system

Review
What is the purpose of a stability
control system?
Answer: It controls shock absorber stiffness.

Review
What are the principal components in
an anti-lock brake system?
Answer: wheel speed sensors, computer,
hydraulic actuator

9781590709160 ch01

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9781590709160 ch01