Aidarbek Chalbaev from International Relations Department of International Ataturk Alatoo University is talking about the Ottoman Empire .Subject: Turkey in World Politics Lecturer: Dr. Ibrahim Koncak

1. International Ataturk Alatoo University
Department: International Relations
Subject:Turkey in World Politics
Lecturer:Ibrahim Koncak
Student:Aidarbek Chalbaev
Group: Int-4A

2. Ottoman Empire

3. Osman 1
The first Turkish sultan Osman I in
23 years inherited from the father
prince Ertogrul extensive territories
in Phrygia. In 1299 it founded the
empire called by his name. Having
taken in 1301 the Byzantine city of
Enishekhir, Osman made it the capital
of the empire. In 1326 it storm seized
the city of Bursa which already at his
son Orhan became the second capital
of the empire.

4. History of Ottoman Empire
 Anatoly (Asia Minor) where Turkey is located, in the ancient time was a cradle of
many civilizations. By the time of arrival of ancestors of modern Turks there was
the Byzantine empire here — the Greek-orthodox state with the capital in
Constantinople (Istanbul). The Arab Caliphs who were at war with Byzantines
invited to military service Turkic tribes to which they allocated for the settlement
the boundary and empty lands.
 In 1071 there was a state of the Turkish Seljuks with the capital in Konya which
has gradually expanded the borders almost on all territory of Asia Minor. It is
destroyed to Mongols
 In 1326 the Turkish sultanate with the capital in the city of Bursa has been
founded on the lands won from Byzantines. Janissars became a support of the
power of the Turkish sultans.
 In 1362 Turks, having won lands in Europe, have transferred the capital to the city
of Adrianople (Edirne). The European possession of the Turkish sultanate have
received Rumeliya's name.

5. In 1453 Turks have taken Constantinople and have made it the capital of the empire. At Selim
First Turkey has conquered Syria, Arabia and Egypt. The Turkish sultan has deposed the last
Caliph in Cairo and itself became the Caliph. Having inflicted defeat over Venice (1505) and
Egypt (1517), Ottomans have received control over East Mediterranean. In 1526 there was a
Battle of Mohács during which Turks have broken the Czech-Hungarian army and occupied
Hungary and in 1529 have risen to walls of Vienna. At top of the power, in Suleyman's
government "Magnificent" (1520 — 1566), the empire stretched from gate of Vienna to the
Persian Gulf, from the Crimea to Morocco. In 1678 Turks have occupied territories to the
West from Dnieper.

6. State and Administrative System of Empire
 The Ottoman Empire throughout six centuries has developed rather
difficult state system. During rule of Osman (1288 — 1326) the powerful
military state was formed. Commanders to whom the sultan gave different
areas in management often were independent and reluctantly recognized
the Supreme power of the sultan.
 In the history of the empire there are two eras of the administrative device
and management:
 First has arisen even during creation of the Ottoman state.
 Second — after extensive administrative reforms and europeanization of
management in 1864.

7. Culture and Religious
 Deep social and economic crisis in the XVIII—XIX centuries perniciously
affected development of national culture in the Ottoman Empire. . The science,
literature, art fell into decay. Even more began insuperable to be gone between
culture of ruling classes alien to the people and the working masses. The first
Turkish typographies created in the 18th century printed mainly theological
treatises. In books and official documents the language consisting almost
completely of the Arab and Persian words was used. Education and school was in
clergy hands. There were very few competent people. In these difficult conditions
a people at large kept and developed the national culture mainly in the form of
folklore and other types of folk art.
 The Ottoman caliphate was the state which extended Islam worldwide, defended
and protected Islam from influence of sects. The Ottoman caliphate conducted
active Islamization of the Balkan Peninsula.

9. International Ataturk Alatoo University
Department: International Relations
Subject:Turkey in World Politics
Lecturer:Ibrahim Koncak
Student:Aidarbek Chalbaev
Group: Int-4A