This document summarizes the anatomy and diseases of the human head and teeth. It describes the bones that make up the skull, including the cranial and facial bones. It discusses the blood vessels, muscles, nerves and joints of the head. It provides details on dental anatomy, the structure and tissues of teeth, and common dental diseases like caries, pulpitis, gingivitis and periodontitis. It also outlines some oral diseases such as leukoplakia, torus palatinus, fissured tongue and hairy tongue.

1. HUMAN TEETH
Prepared : AHMED
AHBAYATI.
UG:1330089

2. SKULL
• The skull is the bony
structure that forms the
head in the human skeleton.
It supports the structures of
the face and forms a cavity
for the brain.
• Facial Bones(14) bones:
• Mandible
• Two maxillae
• Vomer
• Two palatine bones
• Two nasal bones
• Two zygomatic bones
• Two nasal conchae
• Two lacrimal bones

3. • Cranial Bones
• Surrounding the brain
is a region of the skull
known as the cranium.
In this region we have
eight cranial bones:
• Frontal bone
• Two parietal bones
• Two temporal bones
• Occipital bone
• Ethmoid bone
• Sphenoid bone

4. Sinuses and Salivary glands

6. Blood vessels
The internal carotid:
artery travels up from the
aortic arch just outside
the heart. It travels into
the brain to provide
oxygenated blood to the
eyes, the front of the
brain, and portions of the
scalp
The external carotid :
artery helps supply part
of the brain through its
many branches, and it
also gives blood to the
thyroid gland in the neck.

7. Facial muscles

8. Facial nerve
• To
• Zugdidi
• By
• Motor
• Car

9. Temporomandibular Joint(TMJ).
• is a hinge that
connects your jaw to
the temporal bones
• Mandibular condyles
• Articular surface of
the temporal bone
• Capsule
• Articular disc
• Ligaments
• Lateral pterygoid

10. Muscles of masticationMuscles of mastication
–masseter
–temporalis
–medial pterygoid
muscle
–lateral pterygoid
muscle

11. Dental Anatomy
• The maxilla consists
of four processes : the
frontal, zygomatic,
palatine and alveolar
processes
• Infraorbital foramen
• The maxillary sinus
• It has four surfaces; the
anterior surface, the
orbital or superior
surface, the nasal
surface and the
posterior surface.

12. Dental Anatomy
• The mandible: is
the largest,
strongest and
lowest bone in the
face.
• Consists of :Consists of :
• Body of mandibleBody of mandible
• ramus of mandibleramus of mandible
• angle of mandibleangle of mandible..

14. Tooth structure
• The teeth are the hardest
substances in the human
body
• Each tooth has a crown and
root portion. The crown is
covered with enamel, and
the root portion is covered
with cementum. The root is
embedded in the jaw bone.

15. . primary(baby) teeth:
Twenty( 20) primary teeth.
Permanent teeth:
Thirty-two (32) permanent
teeth.
Humans Have Two Dentitions
Throughout Life

16. Tissues Of Tooth
Enamel The hard outer layer of
the crown. Enamel is the
hardest substance in the body.
Dentine Not as hard as
enamel, and made of living
cells, which secrete a hard
mineral substance..
Pulp Soft tissue containing the
blood and nerve supply to the
tooth. The pulp extends from
the crown to the tip of the root.
Cementum The layer of bone-
like tissue covering the root. It
is not as hard as enamel.

17. Tooth Surfaces

18. Periodontal Tissues
•Gingiva(gum)
•Alveolar Bone
•Periodontal
Ligament
•Cementum

19. Diseases of tooth
• Dental Caries:
• refer to tooth decay, which occurs when specific types of
bacteria produce acid that destroys the tooth’s enamel and its
underlying layer, the dentin

20. Diseases of tooth
• pulpitis is inflammation of the
dental pulp resulting from
untreated caries, trauma, or
multiple restorations. Its
principal symptom is pain.
• Pulpitis is designated as
• Reversible: Pulpitis begins as
limited inflammation, and the tooth
can be saved by a simple filling.
• Irreversible: pulp damage is
extensive and cannot be reversed.
The only way dentists can stop the
pain is by removing the pulp via
root canal treatment

21. Diseases of gum
Periodontal disease:
Gingivitis :is a common and
mild form of gum disease that
causes irritation, redness and
swelling (inflammation) of
your gums.
Gingivitis can lead to much
more serious gum disease
(periodontitis): s a serious
gum infection that
damages the soft tissue
and destroys the bone that
supports your teeth.

22. Diseases of
mouth
LeukoplakiaLeukoplakia:: thickened, white
patches form on your gums, the
insides of your cheeks, the
bottom of your mouth and,
sometimes, your tongue. These
patches can't be scraped off.
Doctors don't know what
causes leukoplakia but
consider tobacco .
It usually isn't dangerous, but it
can sometimes be serious

23. Diseases of mouth
• Torus palatinus is
a benign peculiarity
wherein there is a
bony outgrowth on
the palate. It is a
normal bump on
the roof of the
mouth. It is not
cancerous, nor it is
painful or sore.

24. Diseases of mouth :
Fissured Tongue

26. Hairy Tongue

27. Leukemic Gingivitis