2. AIM
To create an electric vehicle powertrain
Installation of the power train to a donor bike
Integration with a battery management system
Implementation of security features using machine learning and
embedded system
3. ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC BIKE
Expenses
Zero emissions
Instant torque and high power
Convenience of charging
Comfort
6. METHOD
Acquire a donor bike for the chassis
Install a gearless hub motor to the rear wheel
Use the controller to connect the inputs and accessories
Use a contactor to ensure protection
Install accessories with embedded system
Implement machine learning to improve usability and security
8. MOTOR
1kw BLDC hub motor
They are an entirely independent drive system that retain all of
their components inside the motor casing, leaving little or no
maintenance.
That enclosed system also means there is a lot less to fail.
Gearless hub motors have zero moving parts aside from their
bearings, so there is basically nothing to wear out.
As long as they don’t rust out or wear down their bearings, they
can pretty much last forever.
9. CONTROLLER
The electric bike speed controller sends signals to the bike's motor hub in
various voltages
These signals detect the direction of a rotor relative to the starter coil.
Sine wave controller is popular because of their lower noise production. As a
result, it provides greater efficiency when going uphill or when carrying a
heavy load. Also, these controllers provide smoother and more predictable
control over general operations
Hall effect sensors help detect the orientation and motor rotation, and the
controller generates the voltage depending on the sensor signals.
10. CONTACTOR
Motors draw a large amount of current specially during the starting
phase and regular switches are not capable of handling the surge in
current
Also being an inductor as a load, a back emf will also be encountered
driving the current to a much higher level.
To avoid melting or welding the contacts of a regular switch, a contactor
is used.
A small contact switch can carry the small current required by the
contactor coil while its large contacts can safely handle the larger
current requirement of the motor.
11. MACHINE LEARNING
Helmet detection using YOLO algorithm
YOLO is a state of the art object detection algorithm that divides images into a grid system of N grids
each of dimension SxS.
Instead of making predictions on many regions of the image,Yolo passes the entire image into the CNN.
13. Displaying following quantities using LCD:
Battery percentage
Range: the total distance the bike can cover
Temperature of the battery
Voltage of the battery
14. REFERENCES
[1] Anselma, P.G. and Belingardi, G., 2020. Enhancing Energy Saving Opportunities through Rightsizing
of a Battery Electric Vehicle Powertrain for Optimal Cooperative Driving. SAE Int. J. Connect. Autom.
Veh, 3.
[2]Du, G., Cao, W., Hu, S., Lin, Z. and Yuan, T., 2018. Design and assessment of an electric vehicle
powertrain model based on real-world driving and charging cycles. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
Technology, 68(2), pp.1178-1187.
[3] Callard, P., Gillon, F., Hecquet, M., Randi, S.A. and Janiaud, N., 2014, October. An optimization
methodology to pre design an electric vehicle powertrain. In 2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion
Conference (VPPC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
