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• A ceramic is an inorganic non-
metallic solid made up of either
metal or non-metal compounds
that have been shaped and then
hardened by heating to high
temperatures
• Ceramics may be crystalline or
partly crystalline
• They are formed by the action of
heat and subsequent cooling
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• Corrosion resistance
• Heat resistance
• Low ductility
• Low toughness
• Low density
• High strength at elevated
temperature
• Extreme hardness
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PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS
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• Eg: porcelain, brick, earthenware
etc.
• Based primarily on natural crude
raw materials of clay and silicates
• Applications
Building materials [brick, clay pipe,
glass]
Household goods [pottery, cooking
ware]
Manufacturing [electrical devices,
fibers]
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CLASSIFICATION OF CERAMICS
TRADITIONAL CERAMICS
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• Inorganic chemicals that exhibit
specialized properties, require
more sophisticated processing.
• Applications
Applied as thermal barrier coating to
protect structures, wearing surfaces
Engine applications, silicon carbide,
alumina
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ADVANCED CERAMICS
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• This is a type of earthenware, is a
clay-based unglazed or glazed
ceramic, where the fired body is
porous
• Uses include flower pots, water
and waste water pipes, bricks,
and surface embellishment in
building construction
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TERRACOTTA
TYPES OF CERAMICS
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• Stoneware is a vitreous [glass] or
semi-vitreous ceramic made
primarily from stone clay or non-
refractory fire clay
• Stoneware is fired at high
temperature and it is non porous
• Stoneware is made up of three
major component, which is clay,
fluxes and fillers
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STONEWARE
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• Fireclay is a type of clay that is
able to withstand intense heat
• It is suitable for making articles
which will not melt, nor even
perceptibly soften when exposed
to a high temperature
• Fireclay consist of alumina and
silica
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FIRECLAY
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• Also called as low fired clay
because it is normally matured at
low temperature
• Finer than stoneware
• Must be glazed to prevent water
absorption
• Less suitable for sanitary ware
compared to vitreous china
• Not translucent and are more
easily to chipped, less strong than
stoneware
• Types: creamware and tin-glazed
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EARTHENWARE
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• Low water absorption
• High slip resistant
• Durable chemical and frost
resistance
• Come in traditional red, brown or
antique which are unglazed with
a plain finish
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ROOFING
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• A special type of clay either
white or grey, to which kaolin [ a
white firing stiff clay] and white
china stone is added
• Primary components – clays,
feldspar or flint and silica
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PORCELAIN
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• A mixture of clay, feldspar and
quartz which is molded, glazed
and baked at extreme high
temperatures
• Strong, non-porous and
impervious to absorption
• Glaze make ordinary ceramics
look shiny and reflective while
maintain and strengthening their
durability
• The glaze itself is usually made
of composite minerals and
powdered glass
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VITREOUS CHINA
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• Great variety of color , format
and surfaces are available
• Unlimited freedom to design
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APPLICATIONS OF CERAMICS
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• Green pockets are ceramic
interlock tiles which made from
recycled materials, fuse nature
with the interior space, improving
both air quality and health, as
well as a room’s aesthetics
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GREEN POCKETS
INNOVATIONS IN CERAMIC TILES
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• The square indentations on its
surface can be filled with a
diverse range of materials such as
sintered glass or moss
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NAGOMI TILES
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• Durable
Extremely hard
Last 10-20 years and longer
Handles extremes of heat and cold
• Easy to clean
• Design options
• Relatively inexpensive, cheaper
than Harwood, carpet
• High scratch resistance
• Resistance to burns
• Resistance to fading
• Can be installed in nearly any
application
On floors, walls, showers
Countertops, table tops, columns etc.
• Environment friendly
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ADVANTAGES
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• Each pastel-colored vessel is
topped with a handcrafted model
of a threatened animal and
features a description of the
creature on its underside.
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CHARLOTTE MARY
CERAMIC ARTIST
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• Artist Jon Almeda creates ceramic
vases, gourds, and bowls that can
fit on the tip of your finger.
• Each of his tiny clay creations
measures only 1-inch, and
demonstrates the artist's skillful,
steady hand and incredible
attention to detail
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JON ALMEDA