2. INTRODUCTION
• Gold Standard Test for diagnosis of Equine Infectious Anaemia.
• A viral disease caused by Retroviridae—Lentivirus—EIAV.
• Actually Coggins Test is a type of Agar Gel Immuno Diffusion.
• Introduced by Dr. Leroy Coggins.
• First Approved by USDA in 1973.
• This test detects the antibodies in the serum.
• Negative Certificate is mandatory for Import and Export of horses .
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3. Procedure
• Blood is collected from suspected animal.
• Detects antibodies to the major group-specific antigen [p26] of EIA virus.
• Results are valid for 6 months or 1 year from the date the blood is collected.
• It detects all infected animals except those in the early incubation period.
• A horse suspected of being exposed should be retested after 4 to 6 weeks.
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4. Facts
• This is a virus that can cause affected horses (or donkeys) to have fevers,
anemia (low red blood cell count), edema (stocking up), or weight
loss/muscle wasting. Some horses recover quickly from the symptoms, which
may be nothing more than a fever for <24 hours.
• EIA is a relative of the virus that causes HIV in humans. Horses that
become infected will carry the disease for life. These carriers often show no
signs of disease and appear healthy.
• Carriers then serve as a source of disease transmission to other horses.
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5. Facts
• EIA is transmitted by flies (horse flies and deer flies), so your horse doesn’t
actually have to come into contact with an infected or carrier horse to catch
the virus.
• Flies come to your farm, so your horse is at risk even if he never travels, or
lives in a closed herd. There is no vaccine for EIA and there is no treatment.
• Control horse fly and stable fly.
• Raspberry jam appearance of spleen –Pathognomonic Lesion.
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