Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia

1. PNEUMONIA
PRESENTEDBY-
MR.ABHAYRAJPOOT

2. DEFINITION
 Pneumonia is an infection in one or
both lungs. It can be caused by
bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Bacterial
pneumonia is the most common type
in adults.
 Pneumonia causes inflammation in
the air sacs in lungs, which are called
alveoli. The alveoli fill with fluid or
pus, making it difficult to breathe.

3. INCIDENCE
 Pneumonia is a common illness affecting approximately 450 million
people a year and occurring in all parts of the world. It is a major cause
of death among all age groups, resulting in 1.4 million deaths in 2010
(7% of the worlds yearly total) and was the 4th leading cause of death
in the world in 2016, resulting in 3.0 million deaths worldwide.

5. CAUSES

6. TYPES OF PNEUMONIA

7. OTHER TYPES
 Segmental Pneumonia
 Bilateral pneumonia
 Lobar pneumonia
 bronchopneumonia

8. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

10. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 History
 Physical examination
 Blood test
 Chest X Ray
 C T Scan
 Pulse oximetry
 Sputum culture
 Pleural fluid analysis

11. CHEST X-RAY

12. SPIROMETRY

13. COMPLICATIONS
 Bacteraemia and Septic Shock
 Lung Abscesses
 Pleural Effusions, Empyema
 Respiratory Failure

14. MANAGEMENT

15. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 Ineffective airway clearance related to excessive mucous congestion as evidenced
by shortness of breath.
 Fluid volume deficit related to fever, diaphoresis as evidenced by reduced skin
turgor.
 Altered nutrition less then body requirements related to loss of appetite as
evidenced by weight loss
 Activity intolerance related to decreased energy reserves as evidenced by patients
tired look

16. RESEARCH STUDY
 Older adults diagnosed with respiratory infections such as flu or pneumonia,
are six times more likely to suffer from heart attack or stroke in the days after
infection, a study published in European Respiratory Journal
 The study found that several different organisms that cause respiratory
infections, including the influenza virus and S.pneumoniae -- most common
pneumonia causing bacteria -- are responsible for causing inflammation in the
heart.
 This further leads to the development of blood clots in the heart muscle that
heightens the risk of heart attack and stroke.

17. SUMMARY

18. CONCLUSION
 November 12 is observed as World Pneumonia Day. The day is observed on a global
level to raise awareness about pneumonia, which is most infectious killer of infants
worldwide. According to an analysis conducted by researchers at Johns Hopkins
University and aid group Save the Children, pneumonia is likely to kill 11 million
children under 5 years of age, by the year 2030. In developed countries, pneumonia
is likely to affect the elderly, while in the developing nations, it is the children who
are affected by pneumonia. The study also mentioned that countries like Nigeria and
India are will carry highest burden of pneumonia, with 1.7 million estimated deaths.

19. THANK YOU