2. INTRODUTION OF TOPIC
◦A Brain abscess is a bacterial brain infection also known as
cerebral abscess.
◦In this condition, first bacteria cause infection in brain,
afterwards inflammation process leads to pus formation in brain
tissue.
◦Here abscess form is used for a walled off area of infection
which includes surrounding ring of tissues containing a
liquefied centre filled with bacteria, WBC and fluid.
3. DEFINITION
◦Brain abscess is defined as purulence and
inflammation in one or more localized regions
within the brain parenchyma.
5. SOME RISK FACTOR
◦Weak immune system
◦Chronic diseases such as cancer
◦Bacteria that supress streptococcal ,
staphylococcal bacteria, fungi such as
candida also cause brain abscess.
8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
◦Headache
◦Abscess in lower brain leads to loss of balance.
◦Memory loss, lack of attention occur
◦Partial loss of vision occur.
◦Drowsiness
◦Paralysis.
◦Weakness.
◦Confusion
9. Loss of sensation.
Fever chills
Seizures
Loss of co- ordination
Vomitting.
Decreased movement.
Irritability.
Loss of muscle function.
Stiff neck
Coma.
10. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
◦History collection
◦Physical examination
◦Blood culture.
◦lumbar puncture
◦Chest Skull x- ray.
◦CBC
◦EEG
◦ A needle biopsy is usually performed to identify the cause of
the infection.
11. MANAGEMENT
◦A brain abscess is a medical emergency .
◦Pressure inside skull may becomes high enough to be life
threatening.
◦Patient needs to be hospitalized.
◦Broad spectrum antibiotics like penicillin.
◦Anti- inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids such as
dexamethasone are used to relieve swelling.
12. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Most brain abscess , requires surgical drainage.
The abscess in opened surgically and infectious material is
removed and washed out thoroughly.
Drainage should be performed to promote healing and to
decrease ICP.
13. NURSING INTERVENTIONS
◦Nursing interventions should support the medical
treatment, as do patient teaching activities that address
neurosurgical procedures.
◦Patients and families need to be advised of
neurologic deficits that may remain after treatment
(hemiparesis, seizures, visual deficits, and cranial nerve
palsies).
◦Frequently assess neurologic status, especially LOC,
speech and sensorimotor and cranial nerve functions.
14. CONT……….
◦The nurse assesses the family’s ability to express their
distress at the patient’s condition, cope with the patient’s
illness and deficits, and obtain support.
◦Always provide safety measures.
15. COMPLICATION
◦ Brain damage
◦ Meningitis that is severe and life threatening
◦Return (recurrence) of infection
◦ Seizures.
◦Increased ICP