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1. Topic:Tonsillitis
Subject: AHN

2. Learning objectives
• At the end the learners will be able to;
• Define tonsillitis.
• Describe causes of tonsillitis .
• Enlist signs and symptoms of tonsillitis.
• Explain pathophysiology of tonsillitis.
• Discuss therapeutic management of tonsillitis.
• Describe complications of tonsillitis.
• Discuss nursing diagnosis and nursing interventions
of tonsillitis.

3. What are the tonsils
• Tonsils are collections of lymphoid tissue (part of the
immune system) situated at the back of the throat.
• In total, there are four sets of tonsils in the human
head, but, usually, when they are referred to as "the
tonsils," it refers to the palatine tonsils.
• The palatine tonsils are the only tonsils that are
visible under normal circumstances.
• Tonsils are at their largest size around the time
of puberty and from that point on they slowly atrophy
(breakdown).

4. Conti…
• The tonsils are the body's first line of defense against
inhaled pathogens.
• Specialized M cells on their surface capture antigens
from pathogens and alert B cells and T cells to mount
an immune defense.
• Tonsils also produce T cells, a type of white blood
cell that plays a vital role in the immune response

6. Tonsillitis
• Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils most
commonly caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
Symptoms may include sore throat and fever.

7. Etiology
• Viral infections by :adenovirus, rhinovirus,
influenza, coronavirus
• Bacterial infections :streptococcus pneumonia,
Mycoplasma pneumonia, Chlamydia pneumonia,
Bordetell pertussis, Fusobacterium sp.,
Corynebacterium diphtheria, Treponema pallidum

8. Pathophysiology of tonsillitis
• Entry of
pathogens
• Triggering of
mast cells
• Release of
inflammatory
mediators
Inflammation
of the tonsils
and
development
of related
signs and
symptoms

9. Sign And Symptoms
• Sore throat
• Red, swollen tonsils
• Dysphagea
• Fever
• Coughing
• Headache
• Tiredness
• Chills
• Trismus

10. Conti…
• Malaise
• White pus-filled spots on the tonsils
• Lymphadenopathy
• Otalgia
• Weight loss
• Dysphasia

11. Differnce between viral and bacterial
tonsilitis

12. Investigations
• CBC.
• GPE.
• Throat swab.

13. Complications
• Otitis Media.
• Quinsy (Peritonsillar Abscess).
• Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).
• Scarlet Fever .
• Rheumatic Fever.
• Glomerulonephritis.

14. Therapeutic Management
• Analgesics
• Antipyretics
• Antibiotics
 Surgical Management
• Tonsillectomy

15. Nursing Diagnosis
• Ineffective air way clearance related to pus or
mucous formation secondary to inflammation
• Acute pain related to the presence of inflammation in
tosil.
• Imbalanced Nutrition Less Than Body
Requirements related to inadequate intake.
• Hyperthermia related to acute infection by
microorganisms.
• Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to the pain in the
tonsil area.

16. Nursing Interventions
• Abdomen or side lying position to facilitate
drainage of secretions.
• Tepid sponging to reduce temprature.
• A soft to liquid diet is preferred.
• Warm salt water gargles
• Administer analgesic and antipyretic as ordered.
• By explaining cause of disease will relief patient
anxiety.

17. References
• www.webmd.com/oral-health/.../tonsillitis-
symptoms-causes-and-treatments
• www.nhs.uk/conditions/Tonsillitis/Pages/Intro
duction.aspx
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsillitis