2. TCP/IP Protocol Suite
ο Transmission Control Protocol/internetworking Protocol
ο Developed Prior to OSI Model
ο Widely used in the Internet Today
ο Layers in TCP/IP Protocol Suite
i. Physical and Data Link Layer
ii. Network Layer
iii. Transport Layer
iv. Application Layer
4. Physical and Data Link Layer
ο TCP/IP does not define any specific protocol.
ο It supports all the standard and proprietary
protocols
ο Network can be LAN or WAN
5. Network Layer
ο TCP/IP support the internetworking Protocol.
ο IP uses 4 supporting protocols: ARP, RARP, ICMP and IGMP.
ο ARP(Address Resolution Protocol).
ο Used to find physical address of the node when its internet address is known.
ο RARP(Reverse Address Resolution Protocol).
ο It allows host to discover its internet address when its physical address is known.
ο ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol).
ο Used by host and gateways to send notification of error to sender. It sends query and
error reporting message .
ο IGMP (Internet Group Message Protocol).
ο It facilitates group messages to no. of recipients.
6. Transport Layer
ο TCP/IP in transport layer works through 2 protocols:
UDP, TCP
ο UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
ο Process-to-process protocol
ο It adds port address, checksum error control and length information to the
data.
ο TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
ο TCP is reliable and connection oriented protocol.
ο It divides data packets into smaller data segments, include sequence number,
collects frames and record transmission.
7. SCTP(Stream Control Transmission Protocol)
ο It is combination of best features of UDP and TCP.
ο It supports for newer applications such as Voice Over The
Internet.
8. Application Layer
ο It is equivalent to combined session, presentation
and application layer of OSI model.
ο Several protocol are defined in this layer.
9. Addressing
ο There are four levels of addressing:
i. Physical Addresses (Link): address length vary depending on the
network
ii. Logical Addresses (IP): 32-bit address
iii. Port Address (port): 16-bit address
iv. Specific Addresses (Special purpose): emails & URLs