This document discusses the history of soil science and soil fertility in Nepal. It outlines key milestones in establishing soil science education programs from the first agriculture school in 1957 to the current faculty of soil science at Agriculture and Forestry University. It also describes important acts, policies, and guidelines established between 1921-2015 related to land, soil conservation, and fertilizers. The document provides details on the development of soil testing laboratories, research, and extension programs in Nepal from 1952 to the present.
1. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Purbanchal Agriculture Campus
Gauradha, jhapa
HISTORY ON DEVELOPMENT OF SOIL FERTILITY IN NEPAL.
Aayusha Luitel
Bipin Chaudhary
B.Sc.Ag
2. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Purbanchal Agriculture Campus
Soil:
Soil termed is derived from Latin word Solum which means floor.
Soil is unsolidated/loose surface materials of the earth having organic and
inorganic materials provides support to the plant, supply nutrient, water and air for
their growth and micro-organisms that recycle minerals for the life.
3. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Purbanchal Agriculture Campus
HISTORY OF SOIL SCIENCE:
EDUCATION:
In Nepal, the first school of Agriculture was established in 1957 in Minbhawan.
In 1969, I.Sc.(Ag) was started in Pulchowk as agricultural college.
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS) was established in 1972.
Separate course of soil science was made in 1997 by soil scientists.
Department of soil science & Agri-engineering in IAAS started in 1972 A.D.
Faculty of soil science & Agro-chemistry in HICAST started in 2000 A.D.
Faculty of soil science in AFU started in 2010 A.D.
4. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Purbanchal Agriculture Campus
ACT/POLICY/GUIDELINE:
• Land Act-2021 B.S
• Land revenue Act-2034 B.S
• Soil & watershed conservation act-2039 B.S
• Regulation of chemical fertilizer-2055 B.S
• Land Act-2058 B.S
• National Action Plan (NAP)-2059 B.S
• National Fertilizer policy(NFP)-2059 B.S
• 9th five year plan (1997-2002) priority to integrated plant nutrient management
system(IPNMS)
5. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Purbanchal Agriculture Campus
Conti….
• 3 year interim plan (2010-2013) promotion of organic farming.
• ADS (Agriculture Development Strategy)-2072 B.S
• Central Department of Geology(CDG)-1959 A.D
• Inorganic fertilizer control Act-2055
• Organic fertilizer subsidy by government in district level.
• National Agriculture Policy-2004 A.D. (2061 B.S.)
• National Fertilizer Policy Revisited-2066 B.S
• Agriculture perspective plan(APP)-(1995-2015) A.D
6. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Purbanchal Agriculture Campus
Conti…
• Guideline for organic & biological fertilizer regulation-2011
• Guidelines for cattleshed improvement mission program-2013
• Guidelines for organic fertilizers/vermicompost production support program
through farmers group & co-operative-2014
• Guideline for organic fertilizer subsidy(district level)-2015
7. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Purbanchal Agriculture Campus
RESEARCH/EXTENSION:
• GIS(Global Information System) laboratory – 2049 B.S
• GIS lab under soil science division of NARC-2052 B.S
• Digital soil sampling – 2076 B.S
• Soil survey activities started from 2053/54 with the preparation of soil reaction of
soil.
• Soil reaction map of northern east jhapa, northern part of Bhaktapur and
Kanchanpur soil fertility include (ph, N, P, K)- 2053/54
• 1st soil survey -2022 B.S
• Bio-gas slurry plant-2030 B.S.
8. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Purbanchal Agriculture Campus
Conti…
• GIS lab under soil science division of NARC-2052 B.S
• Soil testing &service section (STSS) under DOA-2056 B.S
• Soil management service in Nepal was started in 1958 A.D
• National remote sensing centre-1979 A.D
• Nepal seed and fertilizer project-(2016-2021)
• IPM (Integrated Pest Management) & FFS (farmers field school)-1979 A.D
• IPM-FFS program conducted in two phase; phase-I (2004-06)
phase-II(2008-2012)
9. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Purbanchal Agriculture Campus
•
Conti…
• Use of fertilizer in Nepal started in 1952 A.D.
• Soil management service in Nepal was started in 1958 A.D
• Soil science was established as a unit under department of agriculture – 2014 B.S
• Soil science division under NARC established – 2048 B.S
• Chemical Fertilizer Directives-2057 B.S
• Bio-pesticide production community centre in kavre-2070 B.S
10. Conti…
Categorization & classification of soil types have been done only on a few
occasions as a part of a broader land resources mapping(LRMP,1987)
Comprehensive compendium of the fertility status of soil covering all five
development regions from east to west(workshop to assess soil fertility
management in Nepal) by DOA in collaboration with JICA (Japan
Internation Co-operation Agency)-1999s
AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Purbanchal Agriculture Campus
11. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Purbanchal Agriculture Campus
Soil and fertilizer testing laboratory:
Provinces Places: Date of establishment (B.S.):
1 Surunga, Jhapa 2050-2051
Jhumka, sunsari 2050-2051
2 Rajbiraj, saptari 2075
3 Hetauda, makawanpur 2050/51
4 Pokhara, kaski 2051
5 Khajura, banke 2050/51
6 Surkhet 2075
7 Sundarpur, Kanchanpur 2050/51
12. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Purbanchal Agriculture Campus
International Conventions:
• Convention to Biological Diversity(CBD)-1992
• United Nation Convention on Desertification(UNCCD)-Jan 13,1997
13. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNIVERSITY
Purbanchal Agriculture Campus
At present :
• Digital soil mapping in bara district of Nepal : Analysis PH, OM, N, P, K, ZN, B
• Soil testing mobile van .
• India planned to help Nepal to implement organic farming and soil health card
which will announce during Indian prime minister Narendra modi’s visit to Nepal
in august
• Department of Horticulture, soil, Agriculture Engineering, AFU, Rampur, Chitwan
are working as assignment of soil fertility in Dhading districts.
• Karnali Pradesh is regarded as organic Pradesh and the aim of karnali is to induce
OM and reduce inorganic matter to increase soil fertility.
