APPLICATION OF CI(CHEMICAL IONIZATION) TECHNIQUE IN PHARMACEUTICAL.pptx
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This document discusses the application of chemical ionization (CI) technique in the pharmaceutical field. CI is a soft ionization technique that uses a reagent gas for ionization rather than electron bombardment. There are two modes - negative CI (NCI) used for analytes that form stable negative ions, and positive CI (PCI) used for those that form stable positive ions. In CI, ionized reagent gas collides with the sample analyte to produce positive or negative ions, depending on the mode. CI is useful in pharmaceutical analysis as it is a soft technique that reduces fragmentation and allows for molecular ion detection, aiding in tasks like impurity profiling and new drug development. However, it has limitations such as inability to
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Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
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The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
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- 1. APPLICATION OF CI(CHEMICAL IONIZATION) TECHNIQUE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FIELD NAME: MOLOY ROY ROLL NO:18920722014 YEAR: 1ST (2022-2023) SEM:1ST DEPARTMENT: PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS COLLEGE NAME:DR.B.C ROY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND ALLIED HELATH SCIENCE 1
- 2. CONTENT 2 TOPIC SLIDE NUMBER WHAT IS CI 1-4 WHAT IS NCI AND PCI 5 HOW CI WORKS 6-7 EXAMPLE 8 APPLICATION 9 REFERENCE SLIDE 10
- 3. WHAT IS CI ? CIAbbreviated as chemical ionization • This is also a GAS PHASE IONIZATION techniques like electron impact (EI) ionization. But it is soft ionization technique and with less fragment of ion. • Gas phase ionization techniques is the most oldest and reliable procedure .that theory developed by BURNABY MUNSON and FRANK H. FIELD in 1966 . This methods are applicable for those compound having :– • Those have vapor pressure 0.0000001 torr at a temperature at which compound is stable. • Molecular weight should be less that 1000 Dalton. 3
- 4. Continue… • CI is the soft ionization technique than EI • Here sample molecules does not bombard with high energy electron beam because here we used reagent gas as ionization source. Usually Reagent gas used here – 1. Methane 2.Isobutane 3.Ammonia There are two different modes of CI – 1. Negative chemical ionization (NCI) 2. Positive ionization ionization(PCI) 4
- 5. WHAT IS NCI and PCI NCI (NEGATIVE CHEMICAL IONIZATION): Used for those analytes are able to form stable negatives ion. EXAMPLE: Sample contains acidic groups or halogen , often used analyze pesticides (Contains Cl or Br ). PCI (POSITIVE CHEMICAL IONIZATION) : • Used for sample that can form stable positive ions . • In general most compound gives positive ion. 5
- 6. Continue… • Ionized reagent gas are the source of ionization. Due to collision of two reagent molecules form Ionization plasma. • Ionization plasma react with sample analyte due to this positive and negative ion are produced. PCI : CH4 + 𝑒− 𝐶𝐻4+ + 2e 𝐶𝐻4 + 𝐶𝐻4+ CH3 + 𝐶𝐻5+ NCI: CH4 + 𝑒− 𝐶𝐻4− Ionized reagent gas (methane) collide with sample analyte and then detect by detector. PCI: 𝐶𝐻5+ + M [𝑀 + 𝐻]+ + CH4 NCI: 𝐶𝐻4− + M [𝑀 + 𝐻]− + CH4 6
- 7. HOW CI WORKS? https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chemical_Ionization.png SAMPLE INTRODUCTION IONIZATION METHOD ION SEPARATION METHOD DETECTOR 7 IONIZATION METHOD: 1.PROTON TRANFER 2. ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION 3. HYDRIDE TRANFSFER
- 9. Application in pharmaceutical field • It is the soft ionization; reduces fragmentation • It mainly used in pharmaceutical for impurity pro-filing and new drug development (Molecular ion detection hence molecular weights). • But it neither helps to peak matching not proper structural elucidation • Molecule must have Lewis basic or Lewis acidic functional group , compound should be thermally volatile and stable ;So those compound having higher boiling point cannot be detected by this method. 9
- 10. REFERENCE 10 1. ROBERT M. SILVERSTEIN, FRANCIS X. WEBSTER , DAVID J. KIEMLE, DAVID L. BRAYCE;Spectrometric identification of organic compounds book ;EIGHT EDITION; JOHN WILEY AND SONS ; NEW YORK ,455 PAGES 2. COPY RIGHT Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International ;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chemical_Ionization.png; (accessed on 21:42 ;30/01/2023);