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Delivering a new level of visual performance in an SoC AMD "Raven Ridge" APU

The document discusses AMD's new 'Raven Ridge' APU, highlighting significant performance improvements in CPU and GPU capabilities, with a focus on integrated Vega graphics and Zen CPU architecture. It details enhancements in energy efficiency, memory bandwidth, and graphical performance leading to a better visual experience and improved power management. Overall, the advancements signify AMD's commitment to high-performance processors suitable for mobile applications.

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DELIVERING A NEW LEVEL OF VISUAL PERFORMANCE IN AN SOC AMD “RAVEN RIDGE” APU AMD CONFIDENTIAL Dan Bouvier, Jim Gibney, Alex Branover, Sonu Arora Presented by: Dan Bouvier Corporate VP, Client Products Chief Architect
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |2 CPU Performance GPU Performance Power FIRST “Zen”-based APU LONG BATTERY LIFE Premium form factors HIGH-PERFORMANCE On-die “Vega”-based graphics AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U 7th Gen AMD A-Series APU 200% MORE CPU PERFORMANCE Up to Scaled GPU and CPU up to reach target frame rate Managed power delivery and thermal dissipation Improved memory bandwidth efficiency Upgraded display experience Increased package performance density RAISING THE BAR FOR THE APU VISUAL EXPERIENCE 128% MORE GPU PERFORMANCE Up to 58% LESS POWER Up to * See footnotes for details. MOBILE APU GENERATIONAL PERFORMANCE GAINS
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |3 “RAVEN RIDGE” APU “ZEN” CPU (4 CORE | 8 THREAD) CPU 2 CPU 0 USB 3.1 ----------- USB 2.0 Display Controller Next AMD GFX+ (11 COMPUTE UNITS) Infinity Fabric Platform Security Processor 4MB L3 Cache Multimedia Engines PCIe GPP Video Codec Next Audio ACP NVMe ----------- SATA X64DDR4 System Management Unit CPU 1 CPU 3 PCIe Discrete GFX CU CU CU CU CU CU CU CU CU CU CU X64DDR4 1MB L2 Cache Sensor Fusion Hub AMD “VEGA” GPU AMD “ZEN” x86 CPU CORES HIGH BANDWIDTH SOC FABRIC & MEMORY SYSTEM FULL SYSTEM CONNECTIVITY UPGRADED DISPLAY ENGINE INTEGRATED SENSOR FUSION HUB ACCELERATED MULTIMEDIA EXPERIENCE
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |4 Technology: GLOBALFOUNDRIES 14nm – 11 layer metal Transistor count: 4.94B Die Size: 209.78mm2 “Raven Ridge” die than prior generation “Bristol Ridge” APU SIGNIFICANT DENSITY INCREASE more transistors 59% smaller die 16% * See footnotes for details. BGA Package: 25 x 35 x 1.38mm
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |5 INTEGRATED “VEGA” GRAPHICS Graphics Engine ▪ Up to 11 Next Gen Compute Unit (NCU) ▪ 1 MB L2 ▪ Flexible Geometry Engine ▪ 1 Draw Stream Binning Rasterizer ▪ 16 Pixels Units (32bpp) ▪ 44 Texture Units DirectX® 12.1 Features ▪ Conservative Rasterization ▪ Raster Ordered Views ▪ Standard Swizzle ▪ Axis Aligned Rectangular Primitives Throughput at 11 NCU ▪ 1200 MTri/sec @ 1200 Mhz ▪ Rendering 19.2 GPix/sec @1200 MHz ▪ 1690 FP32GFLOPS / 3379 FP16GFLOPS @ 1200 MHz ▪ 52.8 MTex per second @ 1200MHz Infinity Fabric Geometry/Raster/RB+ sDMA CP NCU Array Shader System (SS) Workload Manager Core Fabric L2L2L2L2 ACE ACE ACE ACE
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |6 “ZEN” CPU IMPROVES VISUAL FRAME RATE Decode 4 instructions/cycle 512K L2 (I+D) Cache 8 Way ADD MUL ADDMULALU 2 loads + 1 store per cycle 6 ops dispatched Op Cache INTEGER FLOATING POINT ALU ALU ALU Micro-op Queue 64K I-Cache 4 way Branch Prediction AGUAGU Load/Store Queues Integer Physical Register File 32K D-Cache 8 Way FP Register File Integer Rename Floating Point Rename Scheduler Scheduler Scheduler Scheduler SchedulerScheduler Scheduler Micro-ops CORE 3 CORE 1L3M 512MB L 3 C T L L 2 C T L L2M 512K L3M 512MB CORE 3L3M 512MB L 3 C T L L 2 C T L L2M 512K L3M 512MB CORE 0 L3M 512MB L 3 C T L L 2 C T L L2M 512K L3M 512MB CORE 2 L3M 512MB L 3 C T L L 2 C T L L2M 512K L3M 512MB High performance “Zen” core ▪ Free up more power for GPU Shared L3 Cache 4MBL2 Cache per core 512KB“ZEN” CPU cores 4Up to
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |7 “ZEN” WITH PRECISION BOOST 2 ▪ Governed by CPU temperature, current, load ▪ Seeks highest possible frequency from environmental inputs, graceful roll-off ▪ Opens new boost opportunities for real-world nT workloads (e.g., games) ▪ 25MHz granularity * See footnotes for details.
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |8 TUNE FOR THE PHASES OF VISUAL WORKLOADS ▪ Trade power/current based on dynamic utilization: − Core ↔ Core − CPU ↔ GPU ▪ On-die regulation and fine-grained frequency control enables fast, accurate frequency and voltage changes ▪ Fine-grained p-states (FGPS) across the IPs - continuous frequency control STEER POWER WHERE IT’S BEST USED * See footnotes for details.
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |9 “ZEN” CPU AND “VEGA” GFX CO-MANAGEMENT ▪ CPU threads feed major GPU resources: 3D engine, compute engine, and DMA engine (data fetch and writeback) ▪ CPU “submits” tasks, GFX “renders” or “computes” ▪ One coherent control and data interface to integrate and manage the full SoC ▪ Power budgeting based on activity and efficiency ▪ Enhanced flow for quiescing/powering-off CPU-GFX component WITH INFINITY FABRIC Infinity FabricMultimedia Engines “ZEN” CORE COMPLEX “Zen” Core “Zen” Core “Zen” Core “Zen” Core L3 Cache “VEGA” GRAPHICS Graphics Pipeline L2 Cache Pixel Engines Compute Engine I/O and System Hub Display Engine DDR4 Memory Controllers
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |10 FAST DEPLOYMENT OF NEW ARCHITECTURE ▪ Standard port definition for IP connections (SDP = Scalable Data Port) − Common interface definition used for CPU, GPU, I/O, multi-media hubs, display, memory controller ▪ Coherent HyperTransport™ transport layer − Builds upon generations of coherent fabric development − Flexible topology to adapt to diverse SoC configurations ▪ SDP hides complexities of coherence protocol from connected IP MODULAR AMD INFINITY FABRIC Transport Layer Engines Memory Controllers I/O Sub system Accelerators SDP Interface Modules Engines
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |11 “RAVEN RIDGE” INFINITY FABRIC “Raven Ridge” Optimizations ▪ 32 Byte internal datapath width ▪ Up to 1.6GHz for bandwidth exceeding 50GB/s ▪ Up to 5 transfers/clock per switch ▪ Improved CPU latency under load, while maintaining DRAM efficiency ▪ Structured for multi-region power gating ▪ Floorplan-aware, optimized display to memory routing CPU Core Complex Memory Controllers I/O Sub system Display Controller Region A Coherent Master Coherent Slave Memory Controllers Coherent Slave Transport Layer Switch Transport Layer Switch Non Coherent Master IO Master/ Slave Graphics Container Multimedia Hub Coherent Master Transport Layer Switch Transport Layer Switch Non Coherent Master Graphics Container Coherent Master
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |12 Picker arbitration generally age ordered, except when younger passes older due to: 1) priority 2) VC resource availability 3) other resource such as output port busy QUALITY OF SERVICE FOR SMOOTH VISUAL EXPERIENCE Three Request Classes ▪ Hard real time: − High BW (e.g., display surface refresh) − Low BW (e.g., audio) ▪ Soft real time (e.g., video playback) ▪ Non real time (e.g., typical CPU/GPU/IO requests) Architectural Mechanisms ▪ Multiple virtual channels ▪ Priority classes (Low/Medium/High/Urgent) ▪ End-to-end priority escalation by VC for out of bounds conditions Transport Request Queue Transport Response Queue Transport Probe Queue Transport Data Queue PICKERS PICKERS PICKERS PICKERS Switch-level View of QoS Architecture BUFFERS VC Dedicated Tokens Shared Pool Tokens
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |13 MEMORY BOUND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION New features and optimized SoC configuration contribute to improved memory-limited performance: ▪ Caching and algorithms to reduce memory requests ▪ Improved lossless compression usage (DCC) ▪ Better request ordering to reduce DRAM page conflicts and read/write turnarounds Fabric Transport Layer Memory Controllers “Vega” GFX Engine “Zen” CPU Core Complex Memory Controllers Display Controller Multimedia Hub 4MB L3 Cache ▪ 1MB Shared L2 Cache ▪ Larger dedicated GPU TLB cache ▪ Deferred Primitive Batch Binning ▪ Multi Level DRAM Aware Reordering Deeper Arbitration Queues Direct Reads of Compressed memory Memory Efficient Quality of Service
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |14 “RAVEN RIDGE” GRAPHICS SCALING GENERATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS FOR MEMORY BOUND GAMING PERFORMANCE Gaming performance scaling uplift due to new AMD Vega GPU features: ▪ 4x larger GFX L2 cache, unified across all graphics clients ▪ DSBR (Draw Stream Binning Rasterizer) feature reduces bandwidth ▪ Improved lossless DCC memory compression * See footnotes for details.
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |15 NEW GENERATION DISPLAY AND VIDEO CODEC ENGINE Display Engine (DCN) ▪ Flexible display pipe architecture − Up to four 4kp60 displays ▪ Low power display engine with DCC, 4K2K@60hz @Vmin ▪ HDR support − From 32bpp to 64bpp surfaces − From sRGB to BT2020 ▪ Higher bandwidth interfaces - HDMI 2.1, DP 1.4, HBR3 ▪ USB-Type C with display alt-mode Video Codec (VCN) ▪ Unified encode and decode engine − Up to 4kp60 HEVC 10b decode − Up to 4kp30 HEVC 8b encode ▪ Low power video playback – 4kp30 @Vmin ▪ HEVC 10b decode ▪ HEVC encode for superior quality skype ▪ VP9 decode for efficient YouTube playback Memory Interface Hub F(+) Input Processing Input Processing Input Processing Input Processing Output Pipe Output Pipe Output Pipe Output Pipe DISPLAY ENGINE InfinityFabric AltMode Ctrl Type CDisplay USB/DP Mux USB
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |16 Represents LDO Regulated / Power Gating Region L3 CPU Region “ZEN” CORE COMPLEX “VEGA” GRAPHICS COMPLEX GFX Compute Region GFX Region VDD Region VDD Package Rail EFFICIENT POWER DELIVERY ▪ Current delivery overprovisioned for worst-case overlap between CPU and GPU ▪ Fine-grain LDO control allows for efficient tracking of the CPU and GFX phases, powered by a unified VDD power rail ▪ 1st stage: off-chip motherboard vreg 2nd stage: on-chip vreg with digital LDO ▪ Multiple digital LDO regions for CPU cores, graphics core, and sub-regions − Idle engine is powered off ▪ Allows more peak CPU/GPU current to improve boost performance WITH DIGITAL LOW-DROPOUT REGULATORS CPU 1CPU 0 CPU 2 CPU 3 System Voltage Regulator * See footnotes for details.
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |17 SYNERGISTIC POWER RAIL SHARING ▪ Shared regulator reduces total regulator current requirements ▪ Less motherboard power supply footprint ▪ More peak CPU/GPU current to improve boost performance WITH DIGITAL LDO REGULATORS * See footnotes for details.
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |18 DeeperLowPowerStates FasterEntry/ExitLatencies ENHANCED POWER OFF STATE For CPU Cores ▪ Each core can enter CC6 power gating ▪ CPUOFF can lower L3 cache power when all cores in CC6 For Graphics ▪ Gating can power down up to 95% of the GPU ▪ GFXOFF can further power down GPU un-core (aka GPU monitor logic) GFXOFF+CPUOFF=VDDOFF; Halts System VDD Regulator ▪ Up to 99% residency in Windows static screen idle* CPU AND GPU Region Power Gating by LDO PG Headers Latencies 100us or less Multiple LDO Regions Gated Latencies 1.5ms or less Input VDD Rail Off CC6 Active States, Deep Sleep States, Clock Gated States Active States, Clock Gated States Meet CC6 Entry Timer Meet GFX Idle Entry Timer CPUOFF GFXOFF All Cores in CC6 and Meet CPUOFF Entry Timer Meet GFXOFF Entry Timer Enter if Simultaneous CPUOFF and GFXOFF VDDOFF Graphics Power Gating * See footnotes for details.
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |19 MORE THERMAL COMPUTE HEADROOM IN NOTEBOOKS SKIN TEMPERATURE AWARE POWER MANAGEMENT (STAPM) Before STAPM: APU guard-banded to Tj~60C to meet Tskin requirements After STAPM: Delta between ambient and Tskin calculated based on the power/activity system components Conceptual example of behavior
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |20 * See footnotes for details. AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U Core i7-8550U Core i7-7500U AMD FX™ 9800PAMD Ryzen™ 5 2400G Core i5-8400 Core i5-7400 3DMARK® TIME SPY
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |21 League of Legends™ 1080p DirectX®9 Medium DOTA™ 2 1080p DirectX®11 Fastest+ CS:GO™ 1080p DirectX® 9 Medium No MSAA Quake® Champions 1280x720 DirectX® 11 High AverageFPS GOOD VISUAL THRESHOLD 30 GAMING ON THE GO IN AN ULTRATHIN * See footnotes for details. AMD RYZEN™ 5 2400G DESKTOP PROCESSOR TRUE HIGH-DEFINITION 1080P GAME PERFORMANCE Battlefield 1 1080p Low, DX12 Overwatch™ 1080p Medium Rocket League 1080p Medium Skyrim 1080p Medium Witcher 3 1080p Low, Hair Works Off AverageFPS GOOD VISUAL THRESHOLD 30 Overwatch™ 1280x720 DirectX®11 Low79% Render Scale
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |22 Developing energy efficient processors has long been a design focus at AMD. In 2014, AMD set a bold “25x20” goal to deliver at least 25X more energy efficiency in our mobile processors by 2020. Visit AMD.com/25x20. 25XADDITIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY BY 2020 (2014–2020) 25X AMD ACCELERATING ENERGY EFFICIENCY ON TRACK TO ACHIEVE OUR GOAL Energy efficiency of AMD APUs* “25x20” goal 2 0 1 7 * See footnotes for details.
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |23 The true potential of the APU realized by combining “Zen” CPU with “Vega” Graphics Advances in power and thermal management provide more headroom for visual throughput Data movement improvements at all levels to reduce bandwidth bottlenecks
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |24 FOOTNOTES Slide 2: Based on AMD testing as of 9/28/2017. System configuration(s): AMD Reference Motherboard (2700U), HP ENVY X360 (FX-9800P/”7th Gen APU”), Samsung 850 Pro SSD, Windows 10 x64 1703, 1920x1080. AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U Graphics Driver: 23.20.768.9. AMD FX-9800P Graphics Driver: 22.19.662.4. 1x8GB DDR4-2133 (AMD FX-9800P). 2x4GB DDR4-2400 (AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U). Power Consumption defined as joules of power consumed during a complete run of Cinebench R15 nT: AMD FX™ 9800P = 3782 joules (100%) vs. AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U =1594J (58% less). Different configurations may yield different results Slide 4: Based on “Bristol Ridge” die size of 250.04mm2 and transistor count of 3.1 billion. Slide 7: Based on AMD testing of as of 9/25/2017. System configuration(s): AMD Reference Platform, AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U APU, 2x4GB DDR4-2400, graphics driver 17.30.2015. AMD SenseMI technology is built into all Ryzen processors, but specific features and their enablement may vary by product and platform. Learn more at http://www.amd.com/en/technologies/sense-mi. Slide 8: Based on AMD testing as of 10/11/2017. Clock speed plot is a snapshot of 8 seconds of 3DMark Fire Strike. “Effective frequency” is the product of the reported clock speed and %time in active workload C0 C-state. Slide 14: Based on AMD testing as of 6/11/2018. System configuration(s): AMD “Bristol Ridge” Mobile APU reference platform, AMD FX-9800P, 2x8GB DDR4-2400, Crucial BX100 SSD, Windows 10 x64 Build 16299, Graphics Driver: 21.19.384.20, BIOS: TMY130BA; AMD Ryzen™ Mobile APU reference platform, AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U, 2x8GB DDR4-2400, WD7500BPKX, Windows 10 x64 Build 16299, Graphics Driver: 24.20.154.6220, BIOS: WGV8215N Slide 17: Based on AMD infrastructure requirements for “Bristol Ridge“ 15W TDP (VDDCR_CPU supply EDC limit is 35A, VDDCR_GFX supply EDC limit is 35A), and AMD infrastructure requirements for “Raven Ridge” 15W TDP (VDDCR_VDD supply EDC limit is 45A). Slide 18: Based on AMD internal data of an optimized AMD Ryzen™ Mobile APU reference platform as of 9/25/2017. PC manufacturers may vary configuration yielding different results. Slide 20: Notebook: Based on AMD testing as of 9/25/2017. Common system configurations: Samsung 850 Pro SSD, Windows 10 x64 1703, 1920x1080; Intel Graphics Driver: 22.20.16.4691; AMD Ryzen™ mobile APU Graphics Driver: 23.20.768.9; AMD FX-9800P Graphics Driver: 22.19.662.4; AMD FX-9800P configured in HP ENVY X360 (1x8GB DDR4-2133). AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U configured in AMD reference platform (2x4GB DDR4-2400). Core i7-8550U configured in Acer Swift 3 (2x4GB DDR4-2400). Core i7-7500U configured in HP ENVY X360 (2x4GB DDR4-2400). Graphics results measured with 3DMark® TimeSpy. Core i7-8550U score (350) is baseline 100%. Core i7-7500U score (377) is 107% of baseline. AMD FX-9800P score (400) is 114% of baseline. AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U score (915) is 261% of baseline. Different configurations may yield different results. Desktop: Common system configurations: Samsung 850 Pro SSD, Windows 10 x64 Pro RS3, 1920x1080; Intel i5 8400 Graphics Driver: 15.47.02.4815; Intel I5-7400 Graphics Driver: 15.46.05.4771; AMD Ryzen™ mobile APU Graphics Driver: CL1491290-171206a-321461E 2.1.1 RC5 17.40 RC19; AMD Ryzen™ 5 2400G configured in AMD reference platform (2x8GB DDR4-2667). Core i5-8400 configured in Z370 Aorus Gaming 5 (2x8GB DDR4-2667). Core i5-7400 configured in B250 Gaming M3 (2x8GB DDR4-2400). Slide 21: Based on AMD testing as of 9/25/2017. System configuration(s): HP ENVY X360, AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U, 2x4GB DDR4-2400, Samsung 850 Pro SSD, Windows 10 x64 1703, Graphics Driver: 17.30.1025, BIOS F11. Desktop Testing by AMD Performance labs as of 01/02/2018 on the following systems. PC manufacturers may vary configurations yielding different results. Results may vary based on driver versions used. System Configs: All systems equipped with 16GB dual-channel DDR4 @ 2666 MHz, Samsung 850 PRO 512GB SSD, Windows 10 RS2 operating system. Socket AM4 System: AMD Ryzen 5 2400G, AMD Ryzen 3 2200G, Myrtle RV motherboard. Graphics driver 23.20.768.0 (17.40). Slide 22: Data source: AMD confidential based on internal test results of upcoming “Raven Ridge” APU.
| AMD Ryzen™ Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |25 ATTRIBUTION DISCLAIMER​ THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. WHILE EVERY PRECAUTION HAS BEEN TAKEN IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT, IT MAY CONTAIN TECHNICAL INACCURACIES, OMISSIONS AND TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS, AND AMD IS UNDER NO OBLIGATION TO UPDATE OR OTHERWISE CORRECT THIS INFORMATION. ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT, AND ASSUMES NO LIABILITY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NONINFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES, WITH RESPECT TO THE OPERATION OR USE OF AMD HARDWARE, SOFTWARE OR OTHER PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN. NO LICENSE, INCLUDING IMPLIED OR ARISING BY ESTOPPEL, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. TERMS AND LIMITATIONS APPLICABLE TO THE PURCHASE OR USE OF AMD’S PRODUCTS ARE AS SET FORTH IN A SIGNED AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES OR IN AMD'S STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE. GD-18​ ©2018 ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. AMD, THE AMD ARROW LOGO, RYZEN, RADEON AND COMBINATIONS THEREOF ARE TRADEMARKS OF ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC. 3DMARK AND PCMARK ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF FUTUREMARK CORPORATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER JURISDICTIONS. SPEC AND SPECVIEWPERF ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF THE STANDARD PERFORMANCE EVALUATION CORPORATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER JURISDICTIONS. MICROSOFT, THE WINDOWS LOGO, AND DIRECTX ARE TRADEMARKS AND/OR REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF MICROSOFT CORPORATION IN THE UNITED STATES IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS. OTHER PRODUCT NAMES USED IN THIS PUBLICATION ARE FOR IDENTIFICATION PURPOSES ONLY AND MAY BE TRADEMARKS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE COMPANIES.

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Delivering a new level of visual performance in an SoC AMD "Raven Ridge" APU

  • 1.
    DELIVERING A NEWLEVEL OF VISUAL PERFORMANCE IN AN SOC AMD “RAVEN RIDGE” APU AMD CONFIDENTIAL Dan Bouvier, Jim Gibney, Alex Branover, Sonu Arora Presented by: Dan Bouvier Corporate VP, Client Products Chief Architect
  • 2.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |2 CPU Performance GPU Performance Power FIRST “Zen”-based APU LONG BATTERY LIFE Premium form factors HIGH-PERFORMANCE On-die “Vega”-based graphics AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U 7th Gen AMD A-Series APU 200% MORE CPU PERFORMANCE Up to Scaled GPU and CPU up to reach target frame rate Managed power delivery and thermal dissipation Improved memory bandwidth efficiency Upgraded display experience Increased package performance density RAISING THE BAR FOR THE APU VISUAL EXPERIENCE 128% MORE GPU PERFORMANCE Up to 58% LESS POWER Up to * See footnotes for details. MOBILE APU GENERATIONAL PERFORMANCE GAINS
  • 3.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |3 “RAVEN RIDGE” APU “ZEN” CPU (4 CORE | 8 THREAD) CPU 2 CPU 0 USB 3.1 ----------- USB 2.0 Display Controller Next AMD GFX+ (11 COMPUTE UNITS) Infinity Fabric Platform Security Processor 4MB L3 Cache Multimedia Engines PCIe GPP Video Codec Next Audio ACP NVMe ----------- SATA X64DDR4 System Management Unit CPU 1 CPU 3 PCIe Discrete GFX CU CU CU CU CU CU CU CU CU CU CU X64DDR4 1MB L2 Cache Sensor Fusion Hub AMD “VEGA” GPU AMD “ZEN” x86 CPU CORES HIGH BANDWIDTH SOC FABRIC & MEMORY SYSTEM FULL SYSTEM CONNECTIVITY UPGRADED DISPLAY ENGINE INTEGRATED SENSOR FUSION HUB ACCELERATED MULTIMEDIA EXPERIENCE
  • 4.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |4 Technology: GLOBALFOUNDRIES 14nm – 11 layer metal Transistor count: 4.94B Die Size: 209.78mm2 “Raven Ridge” die than prior generation “Bristol Ridge” APU SIGNIFICANT DENSITY INCREASE more transistors 59% smaller die 16% * See footnotes for details. BGA Package: 25 x 35 x 1.38mm
  • 5.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |5 INTEGRATED “VEGA” GRAPHICS Graphics Engine ▪ Up to 11 Next Gen Compute Unit (NCU) ▪ 1 MB L2 ▪ Flexible Geometry Engine ▪ 1 Draw Stream Binning Rasterizer ▪ 16 Pixels Units (32bpp) ▪ 44 Texture Units DirectX® 12.1 Features ▪ Conservative Rasterization ▪ Raster Ordered Views ▪ Standard Swizzle ▪ Axis Aligned Rectangular Primitives Throughput at 11 NCU ▪ 1200 MTri/sec @ 1200 Mhz ▪ Rendering 19.2 GPix/sec @1200 MHz ▪ 1690 FP32GFLOPS / 3379 FP16GFLOPS @ 1200 MHz ▪ 52.8 MTex per second @ 1200MHz Infinity Fabric Geometry/Raster/RB+ sDMA CP NCU Array Shader System (SS) Workload Manager Core Fabric L2L2L2L2 ACE ACE ACE ACE
  • 6.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |6 “ZEN” CPU IMPROVES VISUAL FRAME RATE Decode 4 instructions/cycle 512K L2 (I+D) Cache 8 Way ADD MUL ADDMULALU 2 loads + 1 store per cycle 6 ops dispatched Op Cache INTEGER FLOATING POINT ALU ALU ALU Micro-op Queue 64K I-Cache 4 way Branch Prediction AGUAGU Load/Store Queues Integer Physical Register File 32K D-Cache 8 Way FP Register File Integer Rename Floating Point Rename Scheduler Scheduler Scheduler Scheduler SchedulerScheduler Scheduler Micro-ops CORE 3 CORE 1L3M 512MB L 3 C T L L 2 C T L L2M 512K L3M 512MB CORE 3L3M 512MB L 3 C T L L 2 C T L L2M 512K L3M 512MB CORE 0 L3M 512MB L 3 C T L L 2 C T L L2M 512K L3M 512MB CORE 2 L3M 512MB L 3 C T L L 2 C T L L2M 512K L3M 512MB High performance “Zen” core ▪ Free up more power for GPU Shared L3 Cache 4MBL2 Cache per core 512KB“ZEN” CPU cores 4Up to
  • 7.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |7 “ZEN” WITH PRECISION BOOST 2 ▪ Governed by CPU temperature, current, load ▪ Seeks highest possible frequency from environmental inputs, graceful roll-off ▪ Opens new boost opportunities for real-world nT workloads (e.g., games) ▪ 25MHz granularity * See footnotes for details.
  • 8.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |8 TUNE FOR THE PHASES OF VISUAL WORKLOADS ▪ Trade power/current based on dynamic utilization: − Core ↔ Core − CPU ↔ GPU ▪ On-die regulation and fine-grained frequency control enables fast, accurate frequency and voltage changes ▪ Fine-grained p-states (FGPS) across the IPs - continuous frequency control STEER POWER WHERE IT’S BEST USED * See footnotes for details.
  • 9.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |9 “ZEN” CPU AND “VEGA” GFX CO-MANAGEMENT ▪ CPU threads feed major GPU resources: 3D engine, compute engine, and DMA engine (data fetch and writeback) ▪ CPU “submits” tasks, GFX “renders” or “computes” ▪ One coherent control and data interface to integrate and manage the full SoC ▪ Power budgeting based on activity and efficiency ▪ Enhanced flow for quiescing/powering-off CPU-GFX component WITH INFINITY FABRIC Infinity FabricMultimedia Engines “ZEN” CORE COMPLEX “Zen” Core “Zen” Core “Zen” Core “Zen” Core L3 Cache “VEGA” GRAPHICS Graphics Pipeline L2 Cache Pixel Engines Compute Engine I/O and System Hub Display Engine DDR4 Memory Controllers
  • 10.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |10 FAST DEPLOYMENT OF NEW ARCHITECTURE ▪ Standard port definition for IP connections (SDP = Scalable Data Port) − Common interface definition used for CPU, GPU, I/O, multi-media hubs, display, memory controller ▪ Coherent HyperTransport™ transport layer − Builds upon generations of coherent fabric development − Flexible topology to adapt to diverse SoC configurations ▪ SDP hides complexities of coherence protocol from connected IP MODULAR AMD INFINITY FABRIC Transport Layer Engines Memory Controllers I/O Sub system Accelerators SDP Interface Modules Engines
  • 11.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |11 “RAVEN RIDGE” INFINITY FABRIC “Raven Ridge” Optimizations ▪ 32 Byte internal datapath width ▪ Up to 1.6GHz for bandwidth exceeding 50GB/s ▪ Up to 5 transfers/clock per switch ▪ Improved CPU latency under load, while maintaining DRAM efficiency ▪ Structured for multi-region power gating ▪ Floorplan-aware, optimized display to memory routing CPU Core Complex Memory Controllers I/O Sub system Display Controller Region A Coherent Master Coherent Slave Memory Controllers Coherent Slave Transport Layer Switch Transport Layer Switch Non Coherent Master IO Master/ Slave Graphics Container Multimedia Hub Coherent Master Transport Layer Switch Transport Layer Switch Non Coherent Master Graphics Container Coherent Master
  • 12.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |12 Picker arbitration generally age ordered, except when younger passes older due to: 1) priority 2) VC resource availability 3) other resource such as output port busy QUALITY OF SERVICE FOR SMOOTH VISUAL EXPERIENCE Three Request Classes ▪ Hard real time: − High BW (e.g., display surface refresh) − Low BW (e.g., audio) ▪ Soft real time (e.g., video playback) ▪ Non real time (e.g., typical CPU/GPU/IO requests) Architectural Mechanisms ▪ Multiple virtual channels ▪ Priority classes (Low/Medium/High/Urgent) ▪ End-to-end priority escalation by VC for out of bounds conditions Transport Request Queue Transport Response Queue Transport Probe Queue Transport Data Queue PICKERS PICKERS PICKERS PICKERS Switch-level View of QoS Architecture BUFFERS VC Dedicated Tokens Shared Pool Tokens
  • 13.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |13 MEMORY BOUND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION New features and optimized SoC configuration contribute to improved memory-limited performance: ▪ Caching and algorithms to reduce memory requests ▪ Improved lossless compression usage (DCC) ▪ Better request ordering to reduce DRAM page conflicts and read/write turnarounds Fabric Transport Layer Memory Controllers “Vega” GFX Engine “Zen” CPU Core Complex Memory Controllers Display Controller Multimedia Hub 4MB L3 Cache ▪ 1MB Shared L2 Cache ▪ Larger dedicated GPU TLB cache ▪ Deferred Primitive Batch Binning ▪ Multi Level DRAM Aware Reordering Deeper Arbitration Queues Direct Reads of Compressed memory Memory Efficient Quality of Service
  • 14.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |14 “RAVEN RIDGE” GRAPHICS SCALING GENERATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS FOR MEMORY BOUND GAMING PERFORMANCE Gaming performance scaling uplift due to new AMD Vega GPU features: ▪ 4x larger GFX L2 cache, unified across all graphics clients ▪ DSBR (Draw Stream Binning Rasterizer) feature reduces bandwidth ▪ Improved lossless DCC memory compression * See footnotes for details.
  • 15.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |15 NEW GENERATION DISPLAY AND VIDEO CODEC ENGINE Display Engine (DCN) ▪ Flexible display pipe architecture − Up to four 4kp60 displays ▪ Low power display engine with DCC, 4K2K@60hz @Vmin ▪ HDR support − From 32bpp to 64bpp surfaces − From sRGB to BT2020 ▪ Higher bandwidth interfaces - HDMI 2.1, DP 1.4, HBR3 ▪ USB-Type C with display alt-mode Video Codec (VCN) ▪ Unified encode and decode engine − Up to 4kp60 HEVC 10b decode − Up to 4kp30 HEVC 8b encode ▪ Low power video playback – 4kp30 @Vmin ▪ HEVC 10b decode ▪ HEVC encode for superior quality skype ▪ VP9 decode for efficient YouTube playback Memory Interface Hub F(+) Input Processing Input Processing Input Processing Input Processing Output Pipe Output Pipe Output Pipe Output Pipe DISPLAY ENGINE InfinityFabric AltMode Ctrl Type CDisplay USB/DP Mux USB
  • 16.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |16 Represents LDO Regulated / Power Gating Region L3 CPU Region “ZEN” CORE COMPLEX “VEGA” GRAPHICS COMPLEX GFX Compute Region GFX Region VDD Region VDD Package Rail EFFICIENT POWER DELIVERY ▪ Current delivery overprovisioned for worst-case overlap between CPU and GPU ▪ Fine-grain LDO control allows for efficient tracking of the CPU and GFX phases, powered by a unified VDD power rail ▪ 1st stage: off-chip motherboard vreg 2nd stage: on-chip vreg with digital LDO ▪ Multiple digital LDO regions for CPU cores, graphics core, and sub-regions − Idle engine is powered off ▪ Allows more peak CPU/GPU current to improve boost performance WITH DIGITAL LOW-DROPOUT REGULATORS CPU 1CPU 0 CPU 2 CPU 3 System Voltage Regulator * See footnotes for details.
  • 17.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |17 SYNERGISTIC POWER RAIL SHARING ▪ Shared regulator reduces total regulator current requirements ▪ Less motherboard power supply footprint ▪ More peak CPU/GPU current to improve boost performance WITH DIGITAL LDO REGULATORS * See footnotes for details.
  • 18.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |18 DeeperLowPowerStates FasterEntry/ExitLatencies ENHANCED POWER OFF STATE For CPU Cores ▪ Each core can enter CC6 power gating ▪ CPUOFF can lower L3 cache power when all cores in CC6 For Graphics ▪ Gating can power down up to 95% of the GPU ▪ GFXOFF can further power down GPU un-core (aka GPU monitor logic) GFXOFF+CPUOFF=VDDOFF; Halts System VDD Regulator ▪ Up to 99% residency in Windows static screen idle* CPU AND GPU Region Power Gating by LDO PG Headers Latencies 100us or less Multiple LDO Regions Gated Latencies 1.5ms or less Input VDD Rail Off CC6 Active States, Deep Sleep States, Clock Gated States Active States, Clock Gated States Meet CC6 Entry Timer Meet GFX Idle Entry Timer CPUOFF GFXOFF All Cores in CC6 and Meet CPUOFF Entry Timer Meet GFXOFF Entry Timer Enter if Simultaneous CPUOFF and GFXOFF VDDOFF Graphics Power Gating * See footnotes for details.
  • 19.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |19 MORE THERMAL COMPUTE HEADROOM IN NOTEBOOKS SKIN TEMPERATURE AWARE POWER MANAGEMENT (STAPM) Before STAPM: APU guard-banded to Tj~60C to meet Tskin requirements After STAPM: Delta between ambient and Tskin calculated based on the power/activity system components Conceptual example of behavior
  • 20.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |20 * See footnotes for details. AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U Core i7-8550U Core i7-7500U AMD FX™ 9800PAMD Ryzen™ 5 2400G Core i5-8400 Core i5-7400 3DMARK® TIME SPY
  • 21.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |21 League of Legends™ 1080p DirectX®9 Medium DOTA™ 2 1080p DirectX®11 Fastest+ CS:GO™ 1080p DirectX® 9 Medium No MSAA Quake® Champions 1280x720 DirectX® 11 High AverageFPS GOOD VISUAL THRESHOLD 30 GAMING ON THE GO IN AN ULTRATHIN * See footnotes for details. AMD RYZEN™ 5 2400G DESKTOP PROCESSOR TRUE HIGH-DEFINITION 1080P GAME PERFORMANCE Battlefield 1 1080p Low, DX12 Overwatch™ 1080p Medium Rocket League 1080p Medium Skyrim 1080p Medium Witcher 3 1080p Low, Hair Works Off AverageFPS GOOD VISUAL THRESHOLD 30 Overwatch™ 1280x720 DirectX®11 Low79% Render Scale
  • 22.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |22 Developing energy efficient processors has long been a design focus at AMD. In 2014, AMD set a bold “25x20” goal to deliver at least 25X more energy efficiency in our mobile processors by 2020. Visit AMD.com/25x20. 25XADDITIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY BY 2020 (2014–2020) 25X AMD ACCELERATING ENERGY EFFICIENCY ON TRACK TO ACHIEVE OUR GOAL Energy efficiency of AMD APUs* “25x20” goal 2 0 1 7 * See footnotes for details.
  • 23.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |23 The true potential of the APU realized by combining “Zen” CPU with “Vega” Graphics Advances in power and thermal management provide more headroom for visual throughput Data movement improvements at all levels to reduce bandwidth bottlenecks
  • 24.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |24 FOOTNOTES Slide 2: Based on AMD testing as of 9/28/2017. System configuration(s): AMD Reference Motherboard (2700U), HP ENVY X360 (FX-9800P/”7th Gen APU”), Samsung 850 Pro SSD, Windows 10 x64 1703, 1920x1080. AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U Graphics Driver: 23.20.768.9. AMD FX-9800P Graphics Driver: 22.19.662.4. 1x8GB DDR4-2133 (AMD FX-9800P). 2x4GB DDR4-2400 (AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U). Power Consumption defined as joules of power consumed during a complete run of Cinebench R15 nT: AMD FX™ 9800P = 3782 joules (100%) vs. AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U =1594J (58% less). Different configurations may yield different results Slide 4: Based on “Bristol Ridge” die size of 250.04mm2 and transistor count of 3.1 billion. Slide 7: Based on AMD testing of as of 9/25/2017. System configuration(s): AMD Reference Platform, AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U APU, 2x4GB DDR4-2400, graphics driver 17.30.2015. AMD SenseMI technology is built into all Ryzen processors, but specific features and their enablement may vary by product and platform. Learn more at http://www.amd.com/en/technologies/sense-mi. Slide 8: Based on AMD testing as of 10/11/2017. Clock speed plot is a snapshot of 8 seconds of 3DMark Fire Strike. “Effective frequency” is the product of the reported clock speed and %time in active workload C0 C-state. Slide 14: Based on AMD testing as of 6/11/2018. System configuration(s): AMD “Bristol Ridge” Mobile APU reference platform, AMD FX-9800P, 2x8GB DDR4-2400, Crucial BX100 SSD, Windows 10 x64 Build 16299, Graphics Driver: 21.19.384.20, BIOS: TMY130BA; AMD Ryzen™ Mobile APU reference platform, AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U, 2x8GB DDR4-2400, WD7500BPKX, Windows 10 x64 Build 16299, Graphics Driver: 24.20.154.6220, BIOS: WGV8215N Slide 17: Based on AMD infrastructure requirements for “Bristol Ridge“ 15W TDP (VDDCR_CPU supply EDC limit is 35A, VDDCR_GFX supply EDC limit is 35A), and AMD infrastructure requirements for “Raven Ridge” 15W TDP (VDDCR_VDD supply EDC limit is 45A). Slide 18: Based on AMD internal data of an optimized AMD Ryzen™ Mobile APU reference platform as of 9/25/2017. PC manufacturers may vary configuration yielding different results. Slide 20: Notebook: Based on AMD testing as of 9/25/2017. Common system configurations: Samsung 850 Pro SSD, Windows 10 x64 1703, 1920x1080; Intel Graphics Driver: 22.20.16.4691; AMD Ryzen™ mobile APU Graphics Driver: 23.20.768.9; AMD FX-9800P Graphics Driver: 22.19.662.4; AMD FX-9800P configured in HP ENVY X360 (1x8GB DDR4-2133). AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U configured in AMD reference platform (2x4GB DDR4-2400). Core i7-8550U configured in Acer Swift 3 (2x4GB DDR4-2400). Core i7-7500U configured in HP ENVY X360 (2x4GB DDR4-2400). Graphics results measured with 3DMark® TimeSpy. Core i7-8550U score (350) is baseline 100%. Core i7-7500U score (377) is 107% of baseline. AMD FX-9800P score (400) is 114% of baseline. AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U score (915) is 261% of baseline. Different configurations may yield different results. Desktop: Common system configurations: Samsung 850 Pro SSD, Windows 10 x64 Pro RS3, 1920x1080; Intel i5 8400 Graphics Driver: 15.47.02.4815; Intel I5-7400 Graphics Driver: 15.46.05.4771; AMD Ryzen™ mobile APU Graphics Driver: CL1491290-171206a-321461E 2.1.1 RC5 17.40 RC19; AMD Ryzen™ 5 2400G configured in AMD reference platform (2x8GB DDR4-2667). Core i5-8400 configured in Z370 Aorus Gaming 5 (2x8GB DDR4-2667). Core i5-7400 configured in B250 Gaming M3 (2x8GB DDR4-2400). Slide 21: Based on AMD testing as of 9/25/2017. System configuration(s): HP ENVY X360, AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U, 2x4GB DDR4-2400, Samsung 850 Pro SSD, Windows 10 x64 1703, Graphics Driver: 17.30.1025, BIOS F11. Desktop Testing by AMD Performance labs as of 01/02/2018 on the following systems. PC manufacturers may vary configurations yielding different results. Results may vary based on driver versions used. System Configs: All systems equipped with 16GB dual-channel DDR4 @ 2666 MHz, Samsung 850 PRO 512GB SSD, Windows 10 RS2 operating system. Socket AM4 System: AMD Ryzen 5 2400G, AMD Ryzen 3 2200G, Myrtle RV motherboard. Graphics driver 23.20.768.0 (17.40). Slide 22: Data source: AMD confidential based on internal test results of upcoming “Raven Ridge” APU.
  • 25.
    | AMD Ryzen™Processors with Radeon™ Vega Graphics - Hot Chips 30 |25 ATTRIBUTION DISCLAIMER​ THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. WHILE EVERY PRECAUTION HAS BEEN TAKEN IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT, IT MAY CONTAIN TECHNICAL INACCURACIES, OMISSIONS AND TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS, AND AMD IS UNDER NO OBLIGATION TO UPDATE OR OTHERWISE CORRECT THIS INFORMATION. ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT, AND ASSUMES NO LIABILITY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NONINFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES, WITH RESPECT TO THE OPERATION OR USE OF AMD HARDWARE, SOFTWARE OR OTHER PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN. NO LICENSE, INCLUDING IMPLIED OR ARISING BY ESTOPPEL, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. TERMS AND LIMITATIONS APPLICABLE TO THE PURCHASE OR USE OF AMD’S PRODUCTS ARE AS SET FORTH IN A SIGNED AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES OR IN AMD'S STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE. GD-18​ ©2018 ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. AMD, THE AMD ARROW LOGO, RYZEN, RADEON AND COMBINATIONS THEREOF ARE TRADEMARKS OF ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC. 3DMARK AND PCMARK ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF FUTUREMARK CORPORATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER JURISDICTIONS. SPEC AND SPECVIEWPERF ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF THE STANDARD PERFORMANCE EVALUATION CORPORATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER JURISDICTIONS. MICROSOFT, THE WINDOWS LOGO, AND DIRECTX ARE TRADEMARKS AND/OR REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF MICROSOFT CORPORATION IN THE UNITED STATES IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS. OTHER PRODUCT NAMES USED IN THIS PUBLICATION ARE FOR IDENTIFICATION PURPOSES ONLY AND MAY BE TRADEMARKS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE COMPANIES.