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COMMUNICABLE AND NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
- 1. COMMUNICABLE AND NON- COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.... A PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE
- 2. A CONDITION IN WHICH BODY HEALTH IS IMPAIRED,A DEPARTURE FROM A STATE OF HEALTH,AN ALTERATION OF THE HUMAN BODY INTERRUPTING THE PERFORMANCE OF VITAL FUNCTIONS. Epidemiologic triad HOST AGENT ENVIRONMENT DEMOGRAPHIC BIOLOGICAL SOCIOECONOMIC BIOLOGICAL PHYSICAL CHEMICAL NUTRIENT PHYSICAL BIOLOGICAL SOCIAL
- 3. Communicable disease: a disease that can be spread to a person from another person, an animal or object. Ex: common cold, influenza, tuberculosis, etc. Non-communicable disease: a disease that can NOT be spread from person to person. Ex: cancer, heart disease, cirrhosis, etc. COMMON PATHOGENS:- VIRUS-smallest simple life form BACTERIA-simple one-celled organisms FUNGI-more complex than bacteria,but cannot make their own food PROTOZOA-one-celled,animal like organisms VIRUS BACTERIA FUNGI PROTOZOA
- 4. TYPES OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- TUBERCULOSIS AGENT- Mycobacterium Tuberculosis(MTB) TREATMENT- Use of multiple antibiotics SYMPTOMS- •Chronic cough with blood containing sputum •Fever •Night sweats •Weight loss PREVENTION- •Screening those at high risk •Vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine
- 5. MALARIA AGENT- Infected female Anopheles mosquito SYMPTOMS- PREVENTION- • Use of mosquito nets and insect repellents • Mosquito control measures such as spraying insecticides and draining standard water TREATMENT- • Occassional doses of the medication sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine • Combination of antimalarial medications
- 6. CHICKENPOX AGENT- Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) SYMPTOMS- •Skin rash that forms small,itchy blisters •Fever •Feeling tired •Headaches PREVENTION- •Notifications •Isolation of cases for about 6 days after onset of rash •Disinfection of articles soiled by nose and throat TREATMENT- •Varicella Zoster Immunoglobulin(VZIG) given within 72 hrs of exposure •Combination vaccines
- 7. TYPES OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE -Class of diseases that involve the HEART or BLOOD VESSELS -It includes--- •Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD) such as Angina and Myocardial Infarction(Heart Attack) •Stroke •Hypertensive heart disease CAUSES OF HEART DISEASE- PREVENTION AND TREATMENT- • Reduce sugar consumptions • Decrease mental stress • Improve diet • Increase physical activities
- 8. DIABETES Diabetes is a defect in the body’s ability to convert glucose (sugar) to energy. There are mainly two main types of diabetes- •Type 1 diabetes- The insulin produced is defective and cannot move glucose into the cells • Type 2 diabetes- Either insulin is not produced in sufficient quantities or the insulin produced is defective and cannot move the glucose into the cells. SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES- PREVENTION OF DIABETES-
- 9. CANCER Cancer may be regarded as a group of diseases characterized by an- • Abnormal growth of cells • Ability to invade adjacent tissues and even distant organs HOW CANCER SPREADS? PREVENTION-
- 10. CONCEPTS OF PREVENTION- LEVELS OF PREVENTION- PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION— Efforts are directed towards discouraging children from adopting harmful lifestyles PRIMARY PREVENTION— Action taken prior to the onset of disease,which removes the possibility that a disease will ever occur SECONDARY PREVENTION— Action which halts the progress of a disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications
- 11. CONCLUSION • Understanding disease pathology is the first step towards formulating preventive measures • Prevention can be achieved in any stage of disease • Primordial or primary prevention is most effective and economical • Disease control is also a part of prevention
- 12. 12 THANK YOUGROUP PRESENTATION BY— AAYUSHI SAHA UTTARA DEY MOUSUMI DAS RITU KUMARI SARADA ROY (BHM-HYGIEA)