about communicable and non communicable diseases

1. COMMUNICABLE AND NON-
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES....
Dr. R.Sankar
Assistant Professor
Department of Animal Behaviour and Physiology
School of Biological Sciences
Madurai Kamaraj University
P. Joseph Antony Reneese
Research Scholar
Department of Animal Behaviour and Physiology
School of Biological Sciences
Madurai Kamaraj University

2. A CONDITION IN WHICH
BODY HEALTH IS
IMPAIRED,A DEPARTURE
FROM A STATE OF
HEALTH,AN ALTERATION OF
THE HUMAN BODY
INTERRUPTING THE
PERFORMANCE OF VITAL
FUNCTIONS.
Epidemiologic triad
DEMOGRAPHIC
BIOLOGICAL
SOCIOECONOMIC
HOST
AGENT
BIOLOGICAL
PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL
NUTRIENT
ENVIRONMENT
PHYSICAL
BIOLOGICAL
SOCIAL

3. • Communicable disease: a disease that can be spread to
a person from another person, an animal or object. Ex:
common cold, influenza, tuberculosis, etc.
• Non-communicabledisease:a disease that can NOT be
spread from person to person. Ex: cancer, heart disease,
cirrhosis, etc.

4. COMMON PATHOGENS:-
• VIRUS-smallest simple life form BACTERIA-simple one-celled
• organisms
• FUNGI-more complex than bacteria,but cannot make
their own food
• PROTOZOA-one-celled,animal like organisms
VIRUS BACTERIA FUNGI PROTOZOA

5. TYPES OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES-
TUBERCULOSIS
AGENT- Mycobacterium
Tuberculosis(MTB)
TREATMENT-
Use of multiple antibiotics
SYMPTOMS-
•Chronic cough with blood
containing sputum
•Fever
•Night sweats
•Weight loss
PREVENTION-
•Screening those at high risk
•Vaccination with the bacillus
Calmette-Guerin vaccine

6. MALARIA
A
G
E
N
T
-Infected female Anopheles
mosquito
SYMPTOMS- PREVENTION-
• Use of mosquito nets and insect
repellents
• Mosquito control measures such
as spraying insecticides and
draining standard water
TREATMENT-
• Occassional doses of
the medication
sulfadoxine/pyrimetha
mine
• Combination of

7. CHICKENPOX
AGENT- Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
SYMPTOMS-
•Skin rash that forms
small,itchy blisters
•Fever
•Feeling tired
•Headaches
PREVENTION-
•Notifications
•Isolation of cases for about 6
days after onset of rash
•Disinfection of articles soiled
by nose and throat
TREATMENT-
•Varicella Zoster
Immunoglobulin(VZIG) given
within 72 hrs of exposure
•Combination vaccines

8. TYPES OF NON-COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES-
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
-Class of diseases that involve the HEART or BLOOD VESSELS
-It includes---
•CoronaryArtery Diseases (CAD) such asAngina and Myocardial
Infarction(Heart Attack)
•Stroke
•Hypertensive heart disease
CAUSES OF HEART DISEASE-
PREVENTION AND TREATMENT-
• Reduce sugar consumptions
• Decrease mental stress
• Improve diet
• Increase physical activities

9. DIABETES
Diabetes is a defect in the
body’s ability to convert
glucose (sugar) to energy.
There are mainly two main
types of diabetes-
•Type 1 diabetes-
The insulin produced is defective
and cannot move glucose into the
cells
• Type 2 diabetes-
Either insulin is not produced in
sufficient quantities or the insulin
produced is defective and cannot
move the glucose into
the cells.
SYMPTOMS OF
DIABETES-
PREVENTION OF DIABETES-

10. CANCER
Cancer may be regarded as a group of diseases
characterized by an-
• Abnormal growth of cells
• Ability to invade adjacent tissues and
even distant organs
HOW CANCER
SPREADS?
PREVENTION-

11. CONCEPTS OF PREVENTION-
LEVELS OF PREVENTION-
PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION—
Efforts are directed towards discouraging
children from adopting harmful lifestyles
PRIMARY PREVENTION—
Action taken prior to the onset of disease,which
removes the possibility that a disease will ever
occur
SECONDARY PREVENTION—
Action which halts the progress of a
disease at its incipient stage and
prevents complications

12. CONCLUSION
• Understanding disease pathology is the first
step towards formulating preventive measures
• Prevention can be achieved in any
stage of disease
• Primordial or primary prevention
is most effective and economical
• Disease control is also a part of
prevention

13. THANK YOU