The document provides guidelines for writing abstracts and outlines of research papers. It explains that an abstract is a short summary of the main topics and findings of a research paper. There are two types of abstracts: indicative, which lists the topics, and informative, which provides quantitative and qualitative details on the paper's purpose, scope, methodology, results, and conclusion. An outline helps organize a paper's structure and information in a hierarchical format using chapter and subheading levels. It should be discussed with your advisor to improve the quality and provide guidance. When preparing an outline, one should understand the text, choose a title, identify important ideas, organize them logically, review carefully, and finalize after checking for completeness and errors.

1. ABSTRACT:
a. The useful guidelines/tips to prepare our abstracts of a research a
paper effectively
 It is generally a short version of a article
 There are two types
a) Indicative abstract
b) Information abstract
 Indicative abstract
 It list topics in the document.
 Informative abstract
 It presents the quantitative and qualitative information covered in the
document
 It usually mentions the document`s
a) Purpose
b) Scope
c) Methodologies
d) Result
e) Conclusion
 It should be written after the completion of entire research paper.
 It does not contain name of the author/author’s. It is written as single
paragraph.
 It should be written in pasttense.
 It should have 150- 300 words only.
 It should be followed by key words (technical words).
 It should have minimum five key words.
2. Define outline
1) The outline has explained inch 3 is a basic structure
which helps in organization of information. The thesis
fact shall contain chapter numbers and proposed names
their subheads and within each subhead major points that

2. needs to be discussed in detail. Once you have a chapter
by chapter plan ready. Thesis writing will no longer seem
an unachievable task.
2) Once a basic structure is ready ;it is necessary to
discuss with your guide who will have important insights
to give this will improve your quality of thesis& provide
your guide with an outline which helps in compare your
overall thesis
3. Tips to prepare an outline of technical writing
 Read the text/ know the purpose
 Suit an apt title.
 Underline all the important ideas using pencil in the text.
 Prepare a list of important ideas, examples, etc.
 Suit the subtitle for them.
 Organize them logically.
 Review it carefully.
 Prepare an outline in standard format.
 Recheck whether any points/ideas are missing.
 Double-check the spelling , grammar ,punctuation marks.
 Avoid using
a) Articles
b) Preposition
Connectives
c) Repeated words
 Same sentence form.
 List out the powerful points only.
 Avoid overwriting.
 Finalize it after these steps. Submited by
 Submit on time.
AARTHIKA.P