This document discusses perspectives and considerations around adopting linked data for the American Art Collaborative (AAC). It argues that linked data is here to stay and cultural heritage institutions should adopt it. Success requires long-term commitment, focus on goals, and flexibility. The full value of linked data is still developing through a global community effort involving use cases, interfaces, and deployment models. The AAC has an opportunity to contribute as a leader by framing its institutional role, such as being a producer, consumer, or collaborator of linked cultural heritage data.

1. www.designforcontext.com
Duane
Degler
@ddegler
duane@designforcontext.com
Neal
Johnson
@vanWinkleTunes
neal@designforcontext.com
American
Art
Collabora/ve
Perspec'ves
and
Considera'ons
15
January
2015

2. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Confidence
gained
from
presenta/ons
to
AAC
partners
• CIDOC
CRM
is
a
mature,
extensible,
event-­‐based
ontology
useful
for
modeling
many
types
of
cultural
heritage
data
• SupplemenEng
technologies,
standards,
and
related
resources
are
developing
rapidly
in
support
of
linked
data
creaEon,
management,
and
use
• Availability
of
cultural
heritage
Linked
Data
(LD)
is
proliferaEng
• Cultural
heritage
is
taking
advantage
of
LD
in
creaEve
and
useful
ways
• AAC
presentaEons
online:
hSp://americanartcollaboraEve.org/info/

3. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
PERSPECTIVES
The 0me is right to join a global effort
pu<ng linked data forward
Jakob
Alt,
“Interior
of
a
Gothic
Church”,
1864,
The
Walters
Art
Museum
hSp://bit.ly/1wQpaiu

4. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
• LD
is
here
to
stay.
The
Eme
is
right
for
LAMs
to
be
adopEng
and
making
use
of
it.
PERSPECTIVES

5. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Linked
Data
is
here
to
stay
“Next-­‐Gen”
data
structure
standard
card
catalog
• LCSH
• Dewey
Decimal
Collections
RDb
RDb
• MARC,
CIMI
• RDA,
Z39.50
XML
• Schemas
(e.g.,
LIDO,
Dublin
Core,
EAD)
RDF
• Ontologies
(e.g.,
CIDOC,
BIBFRAME)
Organiza'on
Structure,
math
Independence
Expressiveness

6. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Linked
Data
can
be
flexibly
adopted
and
integrated
Archives
XML
Media DAM
RDb
Collections
RDb
LD
LD
abstrac/on
layer
Access
interface
layer

7. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
• LD
is
here
to
stay.
The
Eme
is
right
for
LAMs
to
be
adopEng
and
making
use
of
it.
• Markers
for
ongoing
success
in
linked
data
management?
Same
as
exisEng
data
management.
PERSPECTIVES

8. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Markers
for
success
• Focus
on
goals
• Long-­‐term
commitment,
not
just
short-­‐term
one-­‐offs
• Establish
and
maintain
insEtuEonal
authority
• Find
ways
to
do
more
within
our
resource
constraints
• Facilitate
integraEon
with
other
data/info
resources
• Make
technology
transparent
to
end
users
• Flexibility
and
support
around
change
• Focus
on
execuEon
• PracEce
good
project
and
technical
program
management
• Ensure
maintainability,
scalability,
sustainability,
persistence
• You
can’t
manage
well
if
you’re
not
measuring
well
• Iterate,
iterate,
iterate…

9. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
• LD
is
here
to
stay.
The
Eme
is
right
for
LAMs
to
be
adopEng
and
making
use
of
it.
• Markers
for
ongoing
success
in
data
and
informaEon
management?
Same
as
exisEng
data
management.
• Full
scope
of
the
LD
value
proposiEon
is
in
development
by
a
distributed
community
on
a
global
stage.
PERSPECTIVES

10. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
You
are
par/cipa/ng
in
a
world-­‐wide
effort
• Use
cases
idenEfying
user
roles,
scenarios,
useful
data
and
informaEon
stores
• Novel
UI/UX
that
takes
advantage
of
what
LD
can
do
for
us
• Benefits
both
derived
from,
and
driven
by,
various
models
of
deployment
• Ensuring
data
is
discoverable
locally
and
at
web
scale
The AAC has a well-timed opportunity
to contribute to this effort as a leader

11. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
CONSIDERATIONS
Framing ins0tu0onal roles and scoping
op0ons for publishing linked data
Frederick
C.
Frieseke,
“Alernoon
–
Yellow
Room”,
1910,
Indianapolis
Museum
of
Art
hSp://bit.ly/1y58zNH

12. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
• InsEtuEonal
strategies
• Roles
in
the
LD
community
CONSIDERATIONS

13. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
“Producer”
What
roles
to
play
in
the
LD
community?
Web/
app
UIs
Media DAM
RDb
Library
RDb
Collection
RDb
Collection
LD
Aggregated
Collection
LD
Package

14. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
“Consumer”
What
roles
to
play
in
the
LD
community?
Web/
app
UIs
Collection
LD
Media DAM
RDb
Library
RDb
Archives
LD
Instance
Data
Vocabs
LD
Mixed
LD

15. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
“Collaborator”
What
roles
to
play
in
the
LD
community?
Shared
LD
Shared
Content
Mixed
LD
Local
Vocab
LD
Vocabs
LD
Harmonize

16. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
• InsEtuEonal
strategies
• Roles
in
the
LD
community
• Levels
of
engagement
in
the
use
of
LD
CONSIDERATIONS

17. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
CULTURAL
HERITAGE
DOMAIN
SCALE
INSTITUTION
LD
INSTITUTION
LD
Varying
levels
of
engagement…
gaining
experience
INSTITUTION
LD
WEB
SCALE
SCIENCE
DOMAIN
INSTITUTION
LD
INSTITUTION
LD

18. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Create
EffecEvely
manage
and
use
your
data
Extend
Share
data
seamlessly
among
partners
Enrich
Integrate
with
broader
humaniEes
and
societal
data

19. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
• InsEtuEonal
strategies
• Roles
in
the
LD
community
• Levels
of
engagement
in
the
use
of
LD
• Managing
a
broad
range
of
data
CONSIDERATIONS

20. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Star/ng
with
collec/on
data
(AAC
Phase
1)
• Mapping
&
converEng
• Publishing
• Maintaining
Collection
LD
Collection
Data
Map
&
Convert
Use/
Publish

21. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
How
broad
a
range
of
data
is
useful
and
feasible?
• Tombstone
and
broader
collecEons
data
• Other
semi-­‐structured
and
unstructured
data
Examples
• Provenance
• ConsDtuents
• ExhibiDons
• Research
• Notes
• Video,
audio
• Interviews
• LeJers
• Clippings

22. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Supplemen/ng
technologies
for
future
• Emerging
management
tools
for
semi-­‐structured
/
unstructured
data
• AnnotaEon
• Inferencing
and
semanEc
search
engines
• Persistent
URL
formats
and
management
services
• Image
management
and
addressing
• EnEty
and
concept
extracEon
to
support
vocabulary
enhancement
• Terminology
management
and
shared
vocabularies/libraries
• Natural
language
processing
and
text
parsers
• ArEficial
intelligence,
machine
learning
and
automated
analysis
• InformaEon
visualizaEon
• Interface
and
applicaEon
frameworks

23. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Benefits
for
inclusion
of
not-­‐so-­‐structured
resources
• Enable
structure
and
consistency
• Ease
of
construcEon
and
inspecEon
when
creaEng
or
updaEng
the
data
• Conform
to
industry
standards
• Ease
of
reuse
in
publishing
• Normalize
enEEes
(people,
organizaEons,
etc.)
and
dates
• Standardize
vocabularies
across
your
data
contains
enEEes
• Use
dates
in
calculaEons,
informaEon
visualizaEon
• Add
depth
to
your
LD
holdings
• More
resources
you
can
search
across
and
publish
to
the
world

24. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
• InsEtuEonal
strategies
• Roles
in
the
LD
community
• Levels
of
engagement
in
the
use
of
LD
• Managing
a
broad
range
of
data
• Measuring
the
value
of
LD
iniEaEves
for
the
insEtuEon
CONSIDERATIONS

25. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Measuring
the
value
of
LD
ini/a/ves
for
the
ins/tu/on
• What
defines
“success”
in
our
use
of
LD?
• Within
our
insEtuEons
• With
partners
and
the
public
• How
our
LD
is
used
by
3rd
parEes
• CollecEve
impact
of
our
efforts
• Where
can
we
look
to
idenEfy
our
impact?
• Changes
in
data
consumpEon,
traffic
• Changes
in
the
number
or
character
of
users
or
partners
• Greater
quality
or
flexibility
of
use
• Greater
quality
of
the
quesEons
arising
from
use
• Others
?

26. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
• InsEtuEonal
strategies
• Models
for
expression
of
LD
resources
• FederaEon
and
aggregaEon
CONSIDERATIONS

27. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Federa/on
and
aggrega/on
FederaDon:
Real-­‐Time
Source
1
Source
2
Source
3
Access

28. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Federa/on
and
aggrega/on
FederaDon:
Cached
Access
*cache
&
refresh
Source
1
Source
2
*
*

29. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Federa/on
and
aggrega/on
AggregaDon:
Single-­‐point
Source
1
Source
2
Source
3
AggregateAccess

30. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Federa/on
and
aggrega/on
AggregaDon:
MulE-­‐point
Source
1
Source
2
Source
3
Aggregate
Access
Aggregate

31. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Federa/on
and
aggrega/on
Federa'on:
Real-­‐Time
Federa'on:
Cached
Aggrega'on:
Single-­‐point
Aggrega'on:
MulE-­‐point

32. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
• InsEtuEonal
strategies
• Models
for
expression
of
LD
resources
• FederaEon
and
aggregaEon
• Balancing
data
models
for
completeness
and
usability
CONSIDERATIONS

33. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Modeling
for
completeness
A
scene
on
the
Ice
Produc/on
Part
Produc/on
Part
Produc/on
Part
Produc/on
Part
Consists
of
Produc/on
Event
Was
produced
by
Amsterdam
Avercamp
Painted
c.
1625
Took
place
at
Has
type
Carried
out
by
Has
/mespan
Ska/ng
Refers
to
Concept
Carries

34. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Modeling
short-­‐cuts
for
local
needs
and
usability
A
scene
on
the
Ice
Produc/on
Part
Produc/on
Part
Produc/on
Part
Produc/on
Part
Consists
of
Produc/on
Event
Was
produced
by
Amsterdam
Avercamp
Painted
c.
1625
Took
place
at
Has
type
Carried
out
by
Has
/mespan
Ska/ng
Refers
to
Concept
Carries
Created
at
Is
about
Worked
in

35. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
• InsEtuEonal
strategies
• Models
for
expression
of
LD
resources
• FederaEon
and
aggregaEon
• Balancing
data
models
for
completeness
and
usability
• Harmonizing
and
inferencing
CONSIDERATIONS

36. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Museum
2
Museum
1
Harmonizing
Artwork 1
<creatorOf>
Artwork 3
<creatorOf>
<sameAs>
Ar/st
A
Ar/st
A
Artwork 2
LD
Virtual
Museum
Artwork
1
Artwork
3
<creatorOf>
Artwork 2
Ar/st
A

37. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Inferencing
“Inferencing”
provides
an
automated
assist
to
help
derive
meaning
and
context
across
large
and/or
heterogeneous
data
sets
Museum
<creatorOf>
<accessionedBy>
<collectedBy>
Ar/st
Artwork

38. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
EXAMPLES
AND
IDEAS
How might we use linked data?
Charles
Wilson
Peale,
“The
ArEst
in
His
Museum”,
1882,
Philadelphia
Academy
of
the
Fine
Arts
hSp://bit.ly/1yc2gVM

39. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
• Data
creaEon
and
management
• Browsing
and
reviewing
graph
data
• PersonalizaEon
and
federaEon
• Deep
analysis
and
ideaEon
• Cross-­‐domain
visibility
• Emergent
uses
EXAMPLES
AND
IDEAS

40. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Data
crea/on
and
management
Carnegie
Museum
Provenance
App

41. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Data
crea/on
and
management
Carnegie
Museum
Provenance
App

42. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Data
crea/on
and
management
Carnegie
Museum
Provenance
App

43. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Browsing
and
Reviewing
Graph
Data

44. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Browsing
and
Reviewing
Graph
Data

45. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Browsing
and
Reviewing
Graph
Data

46. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Personaliza/on
and
Federa/on
Cleveland
Museum
of
Art
“Gallery
One”
Users
take
their
selecEons
with
them
through
the
museum’s
galleries

47.
Personaliza/on
and
Federa/on
National Gallery of Art
Rousseau, Henri
French 1844-1910
-Tropical Forest with Monkeys
-The Equatorial Jungle
Phillips Collection
Anonymous 19th Century
American c. 1880
-Tropical Forest with Birds
2
1

48.
Personaliza/on
and
Federa/on
2
3
5
7
4
1
6
8
9
National Gallery of Art
Architect: John Russell Pope
Built: 1936-1942

49. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015

50. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015

51. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Results
for
Benjamin
Franklin
534
results
total
Social
Studies
Videos
2
Internal
12
External
Ac/vity
Guides
1
Internal
8
External
Texts
11
Internal
74
External
Visuals
8
Internal
59
External
Subject:
All
Curricula:
Core
Grade
Level:
6-­‐12
Available
online
Available
in
school
district
See
details
My
Lesson
Plans
Benjamin
Franklin:
A
Great
Thinker
Math
• Worksheet
Science
• On
seasonal
Eme
(Hudson)
• Electricity
Worksheet
Civics
•
Social
Studies
•
Culture
• Vie
de
Franklin,
écrite
par
lui-­‐même
-­‐
Tome
I
(French)
• Vie
de
Benjamin
Franklin,
écrite
par
lui-­‐
même
-­‐
Tome
II
(French)
Culture
(57)
Culture

52. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
Emergent
Uses:
The
Buddhas
of
Bamiyan
Destruc've
Event
Culture
LD
Culture
LD
Report
Draft
Political
LD
Science
LD
Scientist
Diplomat
Archeologist
Journal
Publication

53. American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
American
Art
CollaboraEve:
PerspecEves
and
ConsideraEons 15 January 2015
GOING
FORWARD
Communicate
value
of
linked
data
back
home
and
abroad
Pay
close
aSenEon
to
parallel
acEviEes
Share
knowledge,
experience,
needs
Norman
Rockwell,
“Rosie
the
Riveter”,
1943,
Crystal
Bridges
Museum
of
American
Art
hSp://bit.ly/1z132rq

54. www.designforcontext.com
Duane
Degler
@ddegler
duane@designforcontext.com
Neal
Johnson
@vanWinkleTunes
neal@designforcontext.com
American
Art
Collabora/ve
Perspec'ves
and
Considera'ons
15
January
2015