The document provides an overview of major art movements from Romanticism through Postmodernism, highlighting some of the key features and influential artists of each period. Romanticism emphasized imagination, nature, and the individual. Realism sought to depict everyday life realistically. Impressionism focused on capturing fleeting moments and effects of light. Modernism emerged in response to World War I and industrialization, with Cubism and abstract works questioning artistic conventions. Postmodernism saw the rise of Pop Art reflecting mass culture and feminist artists addressing gender issues.

1. A Look at Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Art and Movements

2. ROMANTICISM Appreciating the “impulse from a vernal wood”

3. O man, of whatever country you are, and whatever your opinions may be, behold your history, such as I have thought to read it, not in books, written by your fellow- creatures, who are liars, but in nature, which never lies.” --- Rousseau Rousseau and his Social Contract

4. Features of Romanticism Emphasis on the Imagination Emphasis on the Rights of the Individual, the Common Man Emphasis on Nature Emphasis on Exotic Locales

5. The Imagination

6. Henry Fuseli, The Nightmare , 1781. Oil on canvas

7. William Blake, Ancient of Days , 1794. Metal relief etching.

8. Francisco Goya, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters , ca. 1798. Etching and aquatint.

9. Francisco Goya, The Third of May , 1808. Oil on canvas.

10. Francisco Goya, Saturn Devouring One of His Children , 1819-23. Detail of a detached fresco on canvas.

11. Eugene Delacroix, Death of Sardanapalus , 1826. Oil on canvas.

12. The Rights of the Individual, of the Common Man

13. Eugene Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People , 1830. Oil on canvas.

14. Theodore Gericault, Raft of the Medusa , 1818-19. Oil on canvas.

15. Theodore Gericault, Insane Woman , 1822-23. Oil on canvas.

16. Nature and Exotic Locales

17. John Constable, The Haywain , 1821. Oil on canvas.

18. J.M.W. Turner, The Slave Ship , 1840. Oil on canvas.

19. The Hudson River School in America

20. Thomas Cole, The Oxbow , 1836. Oil on canvas.

21. Albert Bierstadt, Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California , 1868. Oil on canvas.

22. Frederic Edwin Church, Twilight in the Wilderness , 1860’s. Oil on canvas.

23. Thomas Cole, Kaaterskill Falls, 1826

24. Asher B. Durand, Kindred Spirits, 1849 Painter Thomas Cole with his friend poet William Cullen Bryant

25. Components of the Realism Movement Realism seeks to present the world as it is in its present time Dialect is important; regionalism grows out of the realism movement Details about the everyday lives of the common man become important First criticized as grotesque and uncouth Becomes socially critical

26. European Realism

27. Gustave Courbet, The Stone Breakers , 1849-50. Oil on canvas.

28. Jean-Francois Millet, The Gleaners . Oil on canvas.

29. Honore Daumier, Rue Transnonain , 1834. Lithograph.

30. Honore Daumier, The Third-Class Carriage , ca. 1862. Oil on canvas.

31. Eduoard Manet, Le Dejeuner sur l’Herbe (Luncheon on the Grass), 1863. Oil on canvas .

32. American Realism

33. Winslow Homer, The Veteran in a New Field , 1865. Oil on canvas.

34. Edmonia Lewis, Forever Free , 1867. Marble, 3’5 1/4 “ x 11” x 7”

35. Thomas Eakins, The Gross Clinic , 1875. Oil on canvas.

36. Timothy O’Sullivan, A Harvest of Death , Getysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1863 . Negative by Timothy O’ Sullivan.

37. Frederic Remington, The Cavalry Charge, 1907. Oil on canvas.

38. Frederic Remington, Radisson and Groseilliers , 1905. Oil on canvas.

39. Frederic Remington, The Bronco Buster , 1905. Bronze.

40. Features of Impressionism, 1880’s Seeks to present life in its present moment As such, very concerned with effects of light Impressionist absorption with light on color also deepened and encouraged by new color theories of late 19 th century Impressionist movement also seen at first in a negative light

41. Claude Monet, Impression: Sunrise 1872 . Oil on canvas.

42. Claude Monet, Terrace at Sainte-Adresse , 1866-67. Oil on canvas.

43. Claude Monet, Haystack , 1891. Oil on canvas.

44. Claude Monet, Rouen Cathedral (Full Sunlight) , 1893. Oil on canvas.

45. Claude Monet, Water Lilies , 1906. Oil on canvas.

46. American Impressionists

47. Winslow Homer, The Fog Warning , 1885 Even in Impressionism, American artists still stress the rugged individual

48. One of America’s Most Famous Impressionist Paintings: Winslow Homer, Snap the Whip , 1872.

49. Mary Cassatt

50. Modernism: 1900-1950 “You are all a lost generation.” -- Gertrude Stein to Ernest Hemingway

51. Features of Modernism Loss of values and deep sense of alienation from and disillusionment with the world as a result of: World War I Rise of science “God is dead.”—Nietzsche The Origin of Species : Man did not come from God, but from monkeys Increased urbanization of the world and subsequent loss of small-town caring and values

52. The Armory Show, 1913 Officially known as The International Exhibition of Modern Art

53. The show’s purpose was to question the boundaries of art as an institution The show took place at New York’s 69 th Street armory, on Lexington Avenue between 25 th and 26 th Streets It was home to approx. 1250 paintings, sculptures and decorative works by over 300 European and American artists

54. Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase , 1912 One of the most controversial works from the Armory Show, Duchamp’s painting gave rise to many spoofs, such as Rude Descending a Staircase and Food Descending a Staircase One critic offered prize money to anyone who could find the nude From Gallery I of the show

55. Europeans at The Armory Show One third of the show’s artists were European, and movements such as Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Fauvism and Cubism were represented in the show

56. THE MOST FAMOUS CUBISTS: Georges Braques, Mozart Kubelick, 1912. Influence of the Jazz Age

57. PABLO PICASSO: THE OTHER FAMOUS CUBIST Head of a Woman, 1909 Woman with a Mustard Pot

58. The First Cezanne in an American Museum: The Metropolitan Museum of Art Hill of the Poor or, as it’s now known, View of the Domain St. Joseph

59. Americans at The Armory Show Most of the American artists in the show belonged to the Ashcan School, whose most influential members were known as The Eight

60. John Sloan, Night Windows, 1910

61. John Sloan, Sunday, Women Drying Their Hair , 1912

62. George Bellows Circus, 1912, at the Armory Show Stag at Sharkey’s , 1909, one of Bellows’ most famous paintings

63. Robert Henri: Founder of the Ashcan School Name was derogatory Given because subject matter of artists seemed to be ashcans Subject matter was of lower class people going about ordinary tasks of life Genre painting Brought attention to injustices done to lower classes . . .

64. Injustices such as the Sex Trade Abastenia St. Leger Eberle, White Slave , 1910

65. America During the Modernist Era War, the Depression, Immigration, Racism and Urbanization

66. Alfred Stieglitz Stieglitz is one of the most famous 20 th -century American photographers He also helped organize the Armory Show and launched the careers of many American artists One of them was Georgia O’Keefe, a woman who also became his lover The Steerage , a print from 1907, shows Stieglitz’s interest in capturing human feeling and repeating shapes and patterns

67. ICONIC WORKS SHOW THE MISERY OF MODERN LIFE

68. Dorothea Lange, Migrant Mother, Nipomo Valley, 1935. Gelatin silver print.

69. Edward Hopper, Nighthawks, 1942.

70. Jacob Lawrence, The Migration of the Negro , panel 1 and then panel 3, 1940-1. 60-painting series depicting the flight of Black people from South to North

71. Grant Wood, American Gothic , 1930. One of the most famous American paintings ever, this work is iconic and highly parodied and reproduced People mostly thought the work dignified the life of rural Americans In fact, Wood was considered a Regionalist and focused on Iowa in particular

72. Postmodernism 1950-?

73. Abstract Expressionist Jackson Pollock dripped paint onto canvases to create works like this one: Number 1, 1950 (Lavendar Mist), 1950.

74. Pollock painting

75. POP ART returned to representational art but used consumer culture and mass media as inspirations Roy Lichtenstein Left: Hopeless, 1963 Right: Maybe , 1963

76. The Most Famous Pop Artist Andy Warhol, Campbell Soup, 1964 Have we reduced art to mass merchandise or have we elevated mass merchandise into art? YOU DECIDE

77. Andy Warhol, Value Print War Cans

78. Andy Warhol, Marilyn Monroe, 1967 Green Coca Cola Bottles , 1962

79. Superrealist Duane Hanson mocks American overconsumption Supermarket Shopper , 1970

80. FEMINIST ART Judy Chicago, The Dinner Party , 1979

81. Barbara Kruger, Untitled (Your Gaze Hits the Side of My Face) , 1981