Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory proposed by Abraham Maslow that claims human motivation is based on humans seeking fulfillment of five basic needs: physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. The theory states that lower level needs must be satisfied before higher level needs can be pursued, and that satisfying needs is healthy while preventing gratification makes people sick or act evilly. The hierarchy ranks needs from basic survival needs to more advanced needs for self-fulfillment.

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MASLOWS’
HIERARCHY OF
HUMAN NEEDS

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What isMotivation?
Motivation
The processes that account for an individual’s
intensity, direction, and persistence of effort
toward attaining a goal.
Key Elements
1. Intensity: how hard a person tries
2. Direction: toward beneficial goal
3. Persistence: how long a person tries

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Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
Humanistic-Existential Paradigm Self-
actualization Theory

4. ABRAHAM MASLOW-Theory of
Human MotivationINTRODUCTION:
The basis of Maslow's theory is that human beings are motivated
by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower needs need to be
satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. According to
Maslow, there are general types of needs (physiological, safety,
love, and esteem) that must be satisfied before a person can act
unselfishly. He called these needs "deficiency needs." As long as
we are motivated to satisfy these cravings, we are moving
towards growth, toward self-actualization. Satisfying needs is
healthy, while preventing gratification makes us sick or act evilly.

5. Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
• Maslow’s theory assumes that a person
attempts to satisfy the more basic needs before
directing behavior toward satisfying upper-level
needs.
• Lower-order needs must be satisfied before a
higher-order need begins to control a person’s
behavior.
• A satisfied need ceases to motivate.

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SENSE OF BELONGING
SAFETY NEEDS
SELF-ESTEEM
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
SELF
ACTUALISATION
Physiological needs are
those required to sustain
life, such as:
– Air
– Water
– Food
– Sleep
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

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Once physiological needs are met,
one's attention turns to safety
and security in order to be free
from the threat of physical and
emotional harm. Such needs
might be fulfilled by:
– Living in a safe area
– Medical insurance
– Job security
– Financial reserves
SAFETY NEEDS
SELF-ESTEEM
SENSE OF BELONGING
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
SELF
ACTUALIZATION
SAFETY NEEDS

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SELF
ACTUALIZATION
SELF-ESTEEM
SENSE OF BELONGING
SAFETY NEEDS
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
Once a person has met the lower level
physiological and safety needs, higher
level needs awaken. The first level of
higher level needs are social needs.
Social needs are those related to interaction
with others and may include:
– Friendship
– Belonging to a group
– Giving and receiving love
SENSE OF BELONGING

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SELF
ACTUALIZATION
SELF-ESTEEM
SENSE OF BELONGING
SAFETY NEEDS
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
Once a person feels a sense of "belonging",
the need to feel important arises.
Esteem needs may be classified as
internal or external.
Internal esteem needs are those related to
self-esteem such as self respect and
achievement
External esteem needs are those such as
social status and recognition. Some
esteem needs are:
– Self-respect
– Achievement
– Attention
– Recognition
– Reputation
SELF- ESTEEM

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SELF
ACTUALIZATION
SELF-ESTEEM
SENSE OF BELONGING
SAFETY NEEDS
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
SELF ACTUALIZATION
Self-actualization is the summit of
Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It is the
quest of reaching one's full potential as
a person.
Self-actualized people tend to have needs
such as:
– Truth
– Justice
– Wisdom
– Meaning

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Self
Actualization
-Vitality
Creativity
Self-Sufficiency
Authenticity
Playfulness
Meaningfulness
Love and Belongingness
Safety and Security
Physiological Needs:
Air.Water,Food,Shelter,Sleep,Sex
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Self-Esteem

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13. The Criticisms of the theory
include the following
• The needs may not follow a definite hierarchical
order. For example, even if safety need is not
satisfied, the social need may emerge.
• The need priority model may not apply at all times in
all places.
• The level of motivation may be permanently lower for
some people. For example, a person suffering from
chronic unemployment may remain satisfied for the
rest of his life if only he get enough food.

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