COLORECTAL CANCER

1. COLON CANCER

2. COLON
CANCER ?
Colon cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the large
intestine (colon). The colon is the final part of the
digestive tract.
It usually begins as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps
of cells called polyps . Over time some of these polyps
can become colon cancers.

3. WHAT ARE
THE
SYMPTOM
S?
SYMPTOMS
A persistent change in your bowel habits like
diarrhea or constipation
Rectal
bleeding
Abdominal discomfort, such as cramps, gas or pain
Fatigue
Unexplained weight loss

4. CAUSES FOR COLON CANCER
It's not clear what causes Colon
Cancer. In general colon cancer
begins when healthy cells undergo
mutations in their DNA.

5. Risk
Factors
OLDER AGE
Majority of people with colon cancer are
older than 50.
DIABETESS
People with diabetes or insulin
resistance have an increased risk of
colon cancer.
SMOKING
People who smoke may have an
increased risk of colon cancer.
ALCOHOL
Heavy use of alcohol increases the risk
of colon cancer.

6. Risk
Factors
LOW- FIBER, HIGH- FAT
DIET
Colon cancer may be
associated with a typical Western
diet, which is low in fiber and high in
fat and calories.
FAMILY HISTORY
more likely to develop colon cancer if
have a blood relative who has had the
disease.
INFLAMMATORY
INTESTINAL CONDITIONS
Chronic inflammatory diseases such as
ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease,
can increase the risk.
OBESITY
People who are obese have an
increased risk of colon cancer.

7. TYPICAL SITES OF INCIDENCE AND SYMPOMS OF COLON CANCER

8. STAGE 0 COLORECTALCANCER
• Known as “cancer in situ,”
meaning the cancer is located
in the mucosa (moist tissue
lining the colon or rectum)
• Removal of the polyp
(polypectomy) is the usual
treatment

9. STAGE I COLORECTAL CANCER

10. STAGE II COLORECTAL CANCER
• The cancer has grown beyond the
muscularis of the colon or rectum
but has not spread to the lymph
nodes
• Stage ii colon cancer is treated
with surgery and, in some cases,
chemotherapy after surgery
• Stage ii rectal cancer is treated
with surgery, radiation therapy,
and

11. STAGE III COLORECTAL CANCER
• The cancer has spread to the
regional lymph nodes (lymph
nodes near the colon and
rectum)
• Stage iii colon cancer is treated
with surgery and chemotherapy
• Stage iii rectal cancer is treated
with surgery, radiation therapy,
and chemotherapy

12. STAGE IV COLORECTAL CANCER
• The cancer has spread outside of
the colon or rectum to other areas of
the body
• Stage IV cancer is treated with
chemotherapy. Surgery to remove
the colon or rectal tumor may or may
not be done
• Additional surgery to remove
metastases may also be done in
carefully selected patients

13. COLON BIOPSY
A piece of colon tissue is extracted during colonscopy to be examined under the
microscope.
FECAL OCCULT BLOOD TEST
FOBT is done to detect small amounts of blood in stool.
CBC
A complete blood count is done looking for signs of anemia.
DIAGNOSIS
COLONOSCOPY
This is an endoscopic test which uses a tube with a light at the end to look for polyps,
tumors and associated abnormalities.
VIRTUAL COLONOSCOPY
Images of the inside of the colon are obtained with the use of an x-ray.
SIGMOIDOSCOPY
An endoscope is advanced to view the left side of the colon.

14. The ideal treatment will be a combination of
surgery and chemotherapy.
TREATMENT

15. LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY
FOR COLON CANCER
A technique known as minimally invasive laparoscopic
colon surgery allows surgeons to perform many
common colon procedures through small incisions.
laparoscopic colon
operate through 4
resections,
or 5 small
In most
surgeons
openings.

18. BENEFITS OF
LAPAROSCOPI
C SURGERY
Less postoperative pain
May shorten hospital stay
May result in a faster return to
solid-food diet
May result in a quicker return of
bowel function
Quicker return to normal activity
Improved cosmetic results

19. Nursing Magaement
assignment