This project is about conducting an experimental study on solar heated pipe with parabolic trough reflector. The effect of different parameters on the solar heated pipe will be analyzed for optimum design. Design and construction of the experimental setup for the above study is discussed. Different parameters which are analyses as follows: Size and thickness of the pipe, size of the casing, flow rate of the fluid, type of fluid, angle of inclination of rim, design parameters etc. These variables will be compared by the efficiency of the solar heated pipe.

1. Department of
Chemical Engineering
GUIDED BY :-
1) MR. GUNJAN KAPADIA
2) PROF. ANKIT PATEL
PREPARED BY:
DHAVAL P. BUTANI (110190105050)
BHAGIRATH V. JALELA (120190105050)
HARSH D. PATEL (120190105061)
DINESH B. JAGTAP (120190105062)
KRUNAL B. SHEKHADA (120190105064)

3.  We know that the solar energy is a very important source.
 Solar energy collector is a device for collecting solar radiation and
transfers the energy to the fluid passing in contact with it.
 Solar energy requires solar collectors. These are general two types:-
(1) non concentrating or flat plate type solar collector.
(2) concentrating(focusing) type solar collector.
 The solar energy collector, with its associated absorber, is the
component of any system for the conversion of solar radiation energy
into more usable (e.g. heat or electricity).
 In non-concentrating type, the collector area is the same the absorber
area.

5.  The principle of the parabolic trough collector,
which is often used in concentration collector,
is shown by the cross-section in fig.
 Solar radiation coming from the particular
direction is collected over the area of the
reflecting surface and is concentrated at
the focus of the parabola.
 If the reflector is in the from of a trough
with parabolic cross-section, the solar
radiation is focused alone a line.
 Mostly cylindrical parabolic concentrators
are used, in which absorber is placed
along focus axis.
Fig.2) General Mechanism

6.  As shown in fig.2, here the reflective sheet is made by an aluminium with 0.6
mm in thickness.
 We used the aluminium sheet as a reflector because it is cheapest and easily
available in market as well as it’s reflectivity is very good as compare to other
material.
 Here, there are two different sheet are available so we have to joint the sheet
and give the parabola shape.
Fig. 3) The Aluminium sheet

7.  As shown in fig.3 the parabolic trough collector is made by the bending an
aluminum sheet of reflective material into a parabolic shape.
 A metal copper tube pipe coated with black zinc, covered with glass tube to
reduce the heat losses, is place along the focal line of the collector. When
parabola is placed towards the sun the parallel rays incident on the reflector
are reflected and focused onto the receiver tube.
 The concentrated radiation reaching the receiver tube heats the fluid that
circulates through it, thus transforming of solar radiation into useful heat. It is
a sufficient use of single axis tracking of sun and thus long collector modules
are created.
Fig.4) General Mechanism

8.  Fig.5) shows the metal copper tube coated with
black zinc, covered with glass tube to reduce the
heat losses, is place along the focal line of the
collector.
 The surface of the tube is coated with black zinc,
because that has a high absorptance of solar
irradiation and a low emittance for thermal
radiation.
 Hence, the selective coating increase the
temperature of the absorbing material.
Fig. 5) Copper tube coated
with black zinc

9.  An efficient way to reduce thermal losses from the absorber plate of a solar
heating panel is by using selective absorber coating.
 An ideal selective coating is one that is a perfect absorber of solar radiation
while being a perfect reflector of thermal radiation Such a coating will make a
surface, a poor emitter of thermal radiation.
 Hence a selective coating increase the temperature of the absorbing material.
 If back losses of an absorbing surface are absent, the steady-state condition give
:
Solar flux absorbent = Thermal flux emitted
 The absorptance and emittance of radiation at given wavelength are equal.
 A selective surface is a surface that has a high absorptance for short wave
radiation ( less than 2.5µm ) and a low emittance of long wave radiation ( more
than 2.5µm ).

10.  A large number of non-selective coating are available and are in widespread use
as flat-plate collector coating.
 Most of these coating have absorptances exceeding 0.95 and emittances of 0.90-
0.95.
 Table lists properties of some selective coatings.

12.  Fig. 6) shows that the Glass envelope, it placed
around the absorber tube to reduce the
convectional heat loss from the receiver and
thereby further reduce the heat loss coefficient.
 Here, we used the air in the glass tube rather
than the vacuum because creating the vacuum is
very difficult and as well as it is very costly.
 As we glass cover then more and more heat Fig. 6) Glass tube
absorbed and increased the temperature of the
fluid flowing through the pipe.
 Fig. 7) shows the general mechanism of the
tube and glass envelope.
Fig. 7) General Mechanism

14.  Fig. 8) shows General material
used for joining the pipe.
 The bottom fig. joint at the end of
the pipe at which the hole is
provided.
 In this hole we have to put the
thermometer which indicate the
temperature of the fluid, flowing
through the pipe.
Fig. 8) General Material

15. Fig 9) The Whole Design of Model

16. Design of depth:
 Now the design of depth(d) in team of focal length (f),
d=D2/16f
Where, d= depth,
D= diameter,
f= focal length.
 Now, find focal length;
f=D2/16d
Calculating f/d ratio:
 f/d ratio use for the find the focal length. f/d ratio is easy to find this equation;
f/d=1/4tan(θ/4)
where, θ is the beam width in degrees.

19.  Solar heated pipe very imported part of the system. pipe area are calculated
equation is:
A=6.28 r l
Where , l= length of the pipe,
And r= radius of the pipe .
 Now the inside diameter of the pipe (Di) and the thickness of pipe t then find the
outside diameter (D0):
D0= Di + t
 Other the vernier caliper is use for find the diameter of the pipe.