Draw and explain the architecture of general purpose microprocessor

1. WELCOME TO MY PRESENTATION
Topics: Draw and explain the architecture of
general purpose microprocessor
Name: xxxx
ID: xxxxxx

2. What is a Microprocessor?
• The microprocessor is the central unit of a
computer system that performs arithmetic and
logic operations, which generally include adding,
subtracting, transferring numbers from one area
to another, and comparing two numbers. It's
often known simply as a processor, a central
processing unit, or as a logic chip. It's essentially
the engine or the brain of the computer that goes
into motion when the computer is switched on.
It's a programmable, multipurpose device that
incorporates the functions of a CPU (central
processing unit) on a single IC (integrated circuit).

3. How Does a Microprocessor Work?
A microprocessor accepts binary data as input,
processes that data, and then provides output
based on the instructions stored in the memory.
The data is processed using the microprocessor's
ALU (arithmetical and logical unit), control unit,
and a register array. The register array processes
the data via a number of registers that act as
temporary fast access memory locations. The
flow of instructions and data through the system
is managed by the control unit.

4. Benefits of a Microprocessor?
• computer systems aren't the only devices that use microprocessors. Everything
from smartphones to household appliances to cars use microprocessors these
days. Here are a few reasons why microprocessors are so widely used:
•
They don't cost a lot - Due to their use of IC technology, microprocessors don't
cost much to produce. This means that the use of microprocessors can greatly
reduce the cost of the system it's used in.
• They are fast - The technology used to produce modern microprocessors has
allowed them to operate at incredibly high speeds--today's microprocessors can
execute millions of instructions per second.
• They consume little power - Power consumption is much lower than other types
of processors since microprocessors are manufactured using metal oxide
semiconductor technology. This makes devices equipped with microprocessors
much more energy efficient.

5. Common Terms Used
• Word Length
• Word length refers to the number of bits in the processor's internal data
bus--or the number of bits that a processor can process at any given time.
For example, an 8-bit processor will have 8-bit registers, an 8-bit data bus,
and will perform 8-bit processing at a time.
•
Instruction Set
• The instruction set is the series of commands that a microprocessor can
understand. Essentially, it's the interface between the hardware and the
software.
•
Cache Memory
• The cache memory is used to store data or instructions that the software
or program frequently references during operation. Basically, it helps to
increase the operation's overall speed by allowing the processor to access
data more quickly than from a regular RAM.

6. Block diagram of microprocessor
The microprocessor is a semiconductor device
(Integrated Circuit) manufactured by the VLSI (Very
Large Scale Integration) technique. It includes the
ALU, register arrays and control circuit on a single
chip. A system designed using a microprocessor as its
CPU is called a microcomputer. The Microprocessor
based system (single board microcomputer) consists
of microprocessor as CPU, semiconductor memories
like EPROM and RAM, input device, output device and
interfacing devices. The memories, input device,
output device and interfacing devices are called
peripherals. The popular input devices are keyboard
and floppy disk and the output devices are printer,
LED/LCD displays, CRT monitor, etc.