course material

1. ENGT5220 Low Impact Manufacturing
Answer:
Introduction
Energy application in industrial process is vital in production of goods and services in
individual industries. The amount and rate of energy conception of every individual process
in the industry has to be catered for. This is essential in calculation of the companies profits
by determining the output over the inputs. Thus, Energy is one of the industries input that
needs to be minimized in order to maximize the output(Burandt, Xiong, Löffler, and Oei,
2019, p.113820.). The renewable energy sources which are which are readily available,
clean need to be applied to reduce on the accumulations of the greenhouse gases, improved
Independence In Energy Production and improved quality of life and the economy of the
industries and cares for environment.
Significant Energy Processes
In coffee production, there are different processes which require energy for its operations;
which includes:
Roasting And Cooling Process
The coffee roasting process if facilitate by the use of a roaster Machine. The significant
amount of electrical energy is used during roasting process. A roaster is used to roast green
coffee to dryness of a desired roasting quality, that's; medium roast to dark roast, achieved
by drum and air flow temperature regulation( Edomah, 2019, p.620). The amount of heat
achieved during roasting is directly proportional to amount of energy consumed.
Basic of a roaster Machine
Drum temperature
Air flow temperature
Bean temperature
The type of a roster Machine
The type of the roast required.

2. The grade of the coffee beans.
The grade of coffee is dependent on the time of roast, temperature regulation and the type
of roast. Thus, affecting the amount of energy required. Hence, there is a need to choose
good coffee grades friendly to energy consumption.
The type of a roaster Machine is dependent on the time hence a one-minute late roaster
(bigger roaster of drum carrying capacity above 50kg and consumes about 2.3 kWh in a
single roast) and two minutes late roaster Machine (smaller roaster of drum carrying
capacity below 50 kg and consumes about 1.2 kWh )
A one-minute late roaster Machine, implies; after powering on the machine, the drum
rotates .light up the gas burner, then setting the maximum expected drum temperature is
done. The drum heating is initiated up to 230 degrees Celsius as the beginning maximum
drum temperature. After obtaining the maximum drum temperature, for a one-minute late
roaster, the temperature will start dropping for one minute and then stabilizes. At this
stable temperature, green coffee beans are introduced into the drum(Hansen, Mathiesen,
and Skov, p.1). The air flow is opened to facilitate the escape of dust and husks from the
coffee beans. Since green coffee introduced into drum are of lower temperature, the drum
temperature will drop for another one minute before the temperature of both the drum and
beans attain a stable temperature. At this stable level is when roasting begins. Therefore,
the air flow temperature needs to be regulated to minimize the escape of hot air from the
drum.
Regulation of air flow temperature is dependent to the grade of coffee being roasted,
resulting to energy consumptions. The drum air flow plays the following important roles.
When the regulator is opened immediately after the introduction of green coffee beans into
the drum; it facilitates the removal of dust, moisture and husks out of the drum to the
cyclone. When the regulator is closed; it minimizes the air flow of hot air out of the drum,
this increases the accumulation of hot air into the drum which facilitates the coffee roasting
process. After 2nd crack of coffee beans, the air flow regulator is opened, this is to facilitate
the movement of smoke, husks and gases which were within the coffee beans; out of the
drum, and so doing, the coffee beans quality will be maintained(Jiang, Ai, and Hao, 2019,
p.66336). When the beans and drum temperature reach, 200 degrees Celsius; the air flow
regulator is fully opened, but this is dependent on the size and grade of the beans; for
smaller coffee beans, open the regulator to half full. So that the smaller beans cannot be
sucked out of the drum by the power of the motor. All these regulations and precautions are
done at specific temperatures and time, hence, resulting to a respondent energy
consumption.
Cooling.
Roasted Coffee in the drum is of high temperatures for instance a dark roast temperature

3. ranges from 220 degrees Celsius to 230 degrees Celsius, while that of medium roast coffee
ranges from 215 to 220 degrees Celsius and need to be cooled down to about room
temperature. Cooling process uses set of electrical funs which can consume up to 2kWh in a
single process.
Grinding
Operation Instruction
Before using the coffee grinder for the first time, follow the instructions below to load the
coffee beans: this helps to reduce on work and minimize, machine damages and electrical
consumptions as possible(Oskouei, Mohammadi-Ivatloo, Abapour, Shafiee, and Anvari-
Moghaddam, 2021, p.116338). Grinding operation uses a grinding machine which uses
electrical energy either the three phase for heavy machine and single-phase connection for
lighter machine. These machines can take up to 1.3 kWh for one operation.
Coffee Packing Machine Process
Packing machine incorporates various other supporting machine which ensures smooth
packing process. These, machines are, like the air compressor which provides the machine
with the pressure. The air compressor can use up to 10.5 kWh per day in small industries
and up to 19.6 kWh per day in medium scale companies. The packing machine has ,
computerized system, roller systems, stamping and sealing systems which uses electricity,
the small servo packing machine can consume up to 17.5 kWh of electricity and which is
double in the larger packing machines.
Renewable Energy Technology
All of the industrial processes require energy consumptions in their operations. A more
economical and reliable energy has to be put in place to ensures all the process are
performed at lower input cost to achieve higher outputs. Therefore, the best renewable
sources of electricity such solar energy can be essential. The industries need to ensure that
there are adequate solar or wind energy resources available for the generation of electricity
within their companies. This electricity generated from solar power will be cost effective
and affordable compared to that of conventional (gas powered plants), steam turbine. The
qualified investors in the wind or solar energy, who are willing to invest needs to be given
conducive environment of working, these will help for production of more of renewable
energies which are cost effective(Wang, and Chen, 2019, p.1563). The companies which
have tested the benefits of both the solar, wind and other energy at lower scale and those
that have not tested solar or wind energy. The comparison of these sources of energy, need
to results into discussion which can be recorded for future references. The follow-up and
member checking were done via phone calls and emails. These will create awareness of
solar and wind energy technology to the small-scale companies, using the personal
experiences by the participants, online and digital channels such as the social media can be

4. used in offering attractive financing options over the other form of energy and facilitate the
participation in renewable energy facilitations projects which aimed lower the industrial
inputs and maximizes the out by providing reliable customer – supplier partnership in
provision of the monitoring and support.
Net Zero Emission
The zero emission means the provision of a clean energy which environmentally friendly
such as wind and solar energy which readily available, clean and renewable the tapping and
application of these energy reduce on the accumulations of the greenhouse gases, improved
independence in energy production and improved quality of life and the economy of the
industries and cares for environment(Zhu, Yang, Pan, Li, and Rao, 2020, p.117589). They
have no pollutants, no effect on global warming and climatic change.
Conclusion
The lack of best strategies by the renewable energy investors such as use of solar energy is
what is making majority of the industries remain using the high-cost energies such as
hydro-electric power. Solar energy has much profitability in that it is readily available, clean
and renewable the tapping and application of these energy reduce on the accumulations of
the greenhouse gases, improved independence in energy production and improved quality
of life and the economy of the industries and cares for environment.
Bibliography
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