The document describes the design and fabrication of a portable paper recycling machine for educational institutions. The machine was designed to convert waste paper into recycled products on site to reduce paper waste and costs for schools and colleges. Key components included a frame, motor, belt drive, pulleys, pneumatic cylinder and heater. Calculations were provided for components like the motor, belt drive, pulley sizing, pneumatic cylinder and heater energy. The machine aims to

1. Design & FabricationDesign & Fabrication
ofofofof
Portable Paper Recycling machinePortable Paper Recycling machine

2. Presented by
Sanjay.M,
B.E Mechanical Engineer,
KGiSL Institute ofTechnology.

3. In any big institution, especially educational institutions like schools or
colleges, generation of large quantity of waste papers is quite apparent. And effective
use of recycled paper is also possible (craft papers, registers etc). So, instead of
disposing off the waste papers into trash, recycling them makes sense. This not only
helps the institute in cost saving but will also ensure its contribution towards thehelps the institute in cost saving but will also ensure its contribution towards the
protection of the environment. Designing manually operated small-scaled paper
recycling plant, which can be used in schools and colleges, ensures that a cheap and
non-complex method of production of paper product is guaranteed.

4. Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. The
primary raw material for the paper production is the pulp fibers obtained by
complicated chemical process from natural materials, mainly from wood. This
fiber production is very energy demanding and at the manufacturing process
there are many of the chemical matters which are very problematic from the
view point of the environment protection. The paper recycling, simplified, meansview point of the environment protection. The paper recycling, simplified, means
the repeated de-fibering, grinding and drying, when the mechanical properties of
the secondary stock are altered, the chemical properties of fibers, the
polymerization degree of pulp polysaccharide components, mainly of cellulose,
their super molecular structure, the morphological structure of fibers, range and
level of interferes bonds. Paper recycling saves the natural wood raw stock,
decreases the operation and the capital costs to paper unit, decrease water
consumption and last but not least this paper processing gives rise to the
environment preservation.

5. S.NO AUTHOR PUBLISHER POINTS TAKEN
1 Ajit K Ghosh Fundamentals of Paper
Drying-Theory and
Application
The dying of paper
from pulp
Application
2 IvetaČabalová et-al The Effects of Paper
Recycling and its
Environmental Impact
The effects of paper
recycling
3 Vrushabh R. Rathod
et-al
International Journal on
Recent and Innovation
Trends in Computing and
CommunicationVolume:
3 Issue: 2
The operating of
paper recycling
machine

6.  In any big institution, especially educational
institutions like schools or colleges,
generation of large quantity of waste papers
is quite apparent. It causes vast of paperis quite apparent. It causes vast of paper
waste and some are burning it which
increases pollution and transportation cost
when taking to paper mills.

7.  A portable paper-recycling machine was
designed and fabricated. This was done to
enable waste paper conversion into useful
product in schools and colleges.product in schools and colleges.
 Accordingly design of the machine unit has
been prepared with all necessary component
specifications.
 Also the overall cost is low and less electricity
is needed.

8. Electric
Supply
Motor & Heater starts
working with the input
loaded
The Sieve gets
rotating and
the pulp will be
produced
The pulp will be
extracted and
treated
The pulp will be converted
into required shape using
dyes by pneumatic means

9. The major components involved in the fabrication of Paper recycling machine are as
follows.
 Frame
 AC Motor AC Motor
 Belt drive
 Pulley
 Pneumatic cylinder
 Heater

10.  This is made of mild steel material. The whole parts are mounted on this frame
structure with the suitable arrangement. Boring of bearing sizes and open bores done
in one setting so as to align the bearings properly while assembling. Provisions are
made to cover the bearings with grease.

11.  An AC motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating current (AC). The AC motor
commonly consists of two basic parts, an outside stationary stator having coils
supplied with alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and an inside
rotor attached to the output shaft producing a second rotating magnetic field. The
rotor magnetic field may be produced by permanent magnets, reluctance saliency, or
DC or AC electrical windings.

12.  Belts are the cheapest utility for power transmission between shafts that may not be
axially aligned. Power transmission is achieved by specially designed belts and
pulleys. The demands on a belt-drive transmission system are large, and this has led
to many variations on the theme. They run smoothly and with little noise, and cushion
motor and bearings against load changes, albeit with less strength than gears or
chains. However, improvements in belt engineering allow use of belts in systems that
only formerly allowed chains or gears.only formerly allowed chains or gears.

13.  A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and
change of direction of a cable or belt along its circumference. P
 The drive element of a pulley system can be a rope, cable, belt, or chain that runs over
the pulley inside the groove. Hero of Alexandria identified the pulley as one of
six simple machines used to lift weights. Pulleys are also assembled as part
of belt and chain drives in order to transmit power from one rotating shaft to another.

14.  Pneumatic systems operate on a supply of compressed air, which must
be made available, in sufficient quantity and pressure to suit the capacity
of the system. When pneumatic system is being adopted for the first
time, however it wills indeed the necessary to deal with the question of
compressed air supply.

15.  An electric heater is an electrical device that converts an electric current
into heat. The heating element inside every electric heater is
an electrical resistor, and works on the principle of Joule heating:
an electric current passing through a resistor will convert
that electrical energy into heat energy.

16.  Speed,Torque and Power
 Pulley Calculation
 Belt drive calculation
 Heater Calculation Heater Calculation
 Pneumatic compression calculation
 Comparison of Normal drying vs. Electrical drying.

17. AC MOTOR
 VOLT : 230V A.C
 RPM : 1440 RPM
 CURRENT : 2.5A
 PHASE : 1 PHASE PHASE : 1 PHASE
PNEUMATIC CYLINDER
 SIZE : DIA -45MM
 STROCK LENGTH : 100MM
 MATERIAL : ALUMINIUM / M.S
 PRESSURE : 10 BAR MAX.

18. Power & torque
 POWER:
0.5HP = 0.373KW0.5HP = 0.373KW
P = 2ΠNT/60
 Torque:
T = P*60/2ΠN
T = 0.373*60/2ΠN
T = 0.373*60/2Π*1440
T = 2.47N-m.

19. Belt & Pulley Calculation:
 Power = 0.373KW
 Speed N1 = 1440 RPM
 Diameter of pulley:
DRIVEN, d = 50mm
DRIVING,D = 250mmDRIVING,D = 250mm
The pulley has selected for the torque requirement
 Center Distance of Pulley C = 225mm
 Selection of belt section:
For the power , Section A is selected from PSG DB pg no 7.58
Speed ratio
D/d = N1/N2
280/56 = 1440/N2
N2 = 288RPM

20.  Centre distance:
C=225mm
 Nominal pitch length:
L= 2C + Π/2(d+d)+((d+d)2)/(4c)
L= 965.64mm
For the nominal inside length and a section. The next std pitch length is
selected as 1001mm )
For the nominal inside length and a section. The next std pitch length is
selected as 1001mm (selected from PSG DB pg no 7.59)
 Length correction factor:
Fc=0.88 (selected from PSG DB pg no 7.59)
Correction factor for arc of contact
Arc of contact = 180° – ((D-d)/C)*60°
= 180° – ((250-50)/225)*60°
= 126 .7 °

21. FOR 126 .7 °From PSG DB Correction factor of AoC
Fd = 0.85
 Service factor:
For light duty for over 16hrs continuous factor
F = 1.1Fa = 1.1
 Max. Power capacity:
Kw = (0.45 S^(-0.99) - (19.62/de) – 0.765*10^-4 s^2)s
S = speed of belt
S = ΠdN1/60
= (3.14*d*N1)/60
S = 3.77 m/s

22. de = dp*fb
Dp = smaller diameter = 56mm
Fb = smaller diameter factor = 1.14 (From
PSG DB pg no7.62)PSG DB pg no7.62)
De = 50*1.14
=70 mm
kW = (0.45 S^(-0.99) - (19.62/de) –
0.765*10^-4 s^2)s
kW = 0.444

23.  Determination of no.of.belts.
No of belts = ((P*Fa)/(kW*Fc*Fd)
 No of belts = ((0.373*1.1)/(0.444*0.88*0.85)
No of belts = 1.2 belt = 1belt
 Calculation of Actual Centre Distance : Calculation of Actual Centre Distance :
Cactual = A+√(A2+B)
A = L/4 – Π((D+d)/8) = 132.44
B = (D-d)2/8 = 5000
Cactual = 132.44+ √ ((132.44^2)+5000))
Cactual = 244.44mm

24.  Volume of pulp slurry = mass/density
Mass = 0.5kg
Density = 1.201kg/m3
Volume = 0.5/1.201
Volume = 0.416m3Volume = 0.416m3

25. Pneumatic cylinder:
Force Calculation:
Force to be exerted is 5bar
Pressure in the cylinder = 0.5*105 N/m2
Area of the piston = Force/PressureArea of the piston = Force/Pressure
= 50/50000
= 0.001m2
Bore dia = 0.0356m = 35.6mm

26. Heater Energy:
Q = m Cp ΔT
Mass (m)= ½ kgMass (m)= ½ kg
Specific heat capacity Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg
Change of temperature ΔT = T2-T1 = 570°C
Q = 0.5 * 1.005 * 570
Energy, Q = 0.079 KW

27. Normal Drying Using Electric Dryer
•Using normal drying methods like
natural drying it will take up more than a
day to get dried up.
Whereas by using electrical air dryers
such a electrical heaters the drying time
of papers can be reduced to a minimum
of 5 – 10minutes according to the
•Time for drying up in sunlight = 1 ½
days.
of 5 – 10minutes according to the
thickness of the paper.

30.  Handling is easy.
 The capital cost of the project is low.
 Increases production.
 Small in size and hence portable.
The wastes that are produced from this machine
Small in size and hence portable.
 The wastes that are produced from this machine
are environmental friendly and don’t produce any
harm to the environment.
 No need of skilled persons to operate the
machine.
 Repairing is easy.
 Replacement of parts are easy.

31.  The machine can be automated and can use
for more hours.
 The drying of paper can be automated and
the time can be reduced.the time can be reduced.

32. These types of manually operated paper
recycling machines have wide range of
applications in the fields like,
 All sorts of small scale industries
 Schools and colleges.

33. We are proud that we have completed the work
with the limited time successfully. The “Paper
recycling machine” is working with satisfactory
conditions. We are able to understand theconditions. We are able to understand the
difficulties in maintaining the tolerances and
also quality.

34.  Wahistrom, P.I. 1970. Paper Machine, Pulp and Paper Technology 2nd ed. Litton
Educational Publishers.
 Young J.H. 1980. Fibre Preparation, Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Chemical
Technology 3rd ed.Vol
 Gitesh D.Kapse, Nitesh T. Chandekar, et-all (2016), Fabrication of recycling
machine, International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 4,machine, International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 4,
Issue 02. II, John Wiley and Sons
 International Research Journal of Engineering andTechnology (IRJET)
 PSG Design Data Book - DesignOf Machine Elements

35. Thank YouThank YouThank YouThank You