6. prof frank dunshea uni of melb - conjugated linoleic acid (cla) reduces carcass fat and improves health

1. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces
fat deposition and improves health in
pigs
Frank R. Dunshea
Faculty of Veterinary & Agriculture Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC , Australia

2. • mixture of positional and geometric isomers (18:2 n-6) of
linoleic acid with conjugated double bonds at positions 7,9-,
8,10-, 9,11-, 10,12- or 11,13-
• supplemented as a mix of isomers with the predominant
isomers being cis/trans-9,11 and trans/cis-10,12
• cis/trans-9,11 has anti-cancer and other positive health
properties
• trans/cis-10,12 isomer can reduce fat deposition
What is CLA?

3. Linoleic acid (cis-9, cis-12-octadecanoic acid) Conjugated Linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11-octadecanoic acid)
What is CLA?

4. What is CLA?

5. CLA increases ADG in pigs
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 g/kg 1.25 g/kg 2.5 g/kg 5.0 g/kg 7.5 g/kg 10 g/kg
Average daily gain (g/d)
Ostrowska et al. (1999)
Dose of CLA

6. CLA increases feed conversion efficiency in pigs
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0 g/kg 1.25 g/kg 2.5 g/kg 5.0 g/kg 7.5 g/kg 10 g/kg
Feed conversion efficiency
Ostrowska et al. (1999)
Dose of CLA

7. CLA increases lean deposition in pigs
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 g/kg 1.25 g/kg 2.5 g/kg 5.0 g/kg 7.5 g/kg 10 g/kg
Lean deposition (g/d)
Ostrowska et al. (1999)
Dose of CLA

8. CLA reduces fat deposition in pigs
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 g/kg 1.25 g/kg 2.5 g/kg 5.0 g/kg 7.5 g/kg 10 g/kg
Fat deposition (g/d)
Ostrowska et al. (1999)
Dose of CLA

9. Ostrowska et al. (1999)
CLA reduces P2 backfat deposition in pigs in
a dose-dependent manner

10. -7
-5
-3
-1
1
10 15 20 25 30
Chngeinbackfat(mm)
Control backfat (mm)
The magnitude of the decrease in backfat with CLA
treatment is related to potential backfat
Dunshea et al. (2005 and unpublished)
(30 studies with no correction for genotype, sex, length of treatment or dose or type of CLA. Where dose
response studies were conducted the average value was used)

11. 0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
IMF (%) Marbling
IMF(%)ormarbling
score
Control
CLA
CLA increases intramuscular fat and marbling
in pigs
Dunshea et al. (2005 and unpublished)
(36 and 19 studies with no correction for genotype, sex, length of treatment or dose or type of CLA. Where
dose response studies were conducted the average value was used)

12. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Shear force (N) Tenderness Flavour Juiciness
Control
CLA
CLA increases sher force and decreases
sensory scores of pork loin
Dunshea et al. (2005 and unpublished)
(12 studies for shear force and 19 studies for sensory scores with no correction for genotype, sex, length of
treatment or dose or type of CLA. Where dose response studies were conducted the average value was used)
P=0.07P=0.03
P=0.09
P=0.01

13. CLA % P-value
0% 0.5% 1.0% SE Linear Quad
Born Alive 10.0 11.2 11.8 0.4 0.07 0.20
Born Weak/Dead 2.2 1.8 1.5 0.3 0.35 0.66
Birth Wt, kg 1.38 1.43 1.37 0.4 0.94 0.40
Weaned/litter 7.6 8.5 9.2 0.4 0.10 0.27
Wean Wt, kg 6.64 6.79 6.96 0.08 0.09 0.25
ADG, g/d 199 198 207 3 0.17 0.24
13
18 sows fed -50 d to 26 d lactation
CLA during late gestation and lactation
improves born alive and weaning weight
Peng et al. (2014)

14. 14
18 sows fed -4 d to 26 d lactation
CLA during late gestation and lactation
increases litter performance
Lee et al. (2014)
Control CLA SEM P-value
Day 0 pigs/litter 9 9
# pigs weaned 8.71 8.63 0.26 0.74
Litter wt at 28 d, kg 62.88 69.14 3.20 0.07
Litter gain at 28 d, kg/d 1.73 1.94 0.12 0.10
Piglet wt at 28 d, kg 7.21 8.03 0.33 0.03
Piglet gain at 28 d, g/d 199.94 227.75 11.21 0.03

15. 15
18 sows fed -4 d to 26 d lactation
CLA during late gestation and lactation
increases sow and piglet IgG
Lee et al. (2014)
IgG, mg/dL Control CLA SEM P-value
Sow serum 596.4 889.3 41.54 0.001
Milk 42.16 52.06 4.11 0.05
Piglet serum 187.78 253.88 26.48 0.02

16. 16
18 sows fed -4 d to 26 d lactation
CLA during late gestation and lactation
decreases milk fat secretion and sow fat loss
Lee et al. (2014)
Control CLA SEM P-value
Feed Intake, kg 6.48 6.58 0.08 0.21
Sow BW loss 28 d, kg -10.03 -0.31 4.26 0.04
Milk yield 21 d, kg/d 8.54 9.49 0.39 0.03
Fat, % 8.44 5.92 1.05 0.03
Fat yield, kg/d 0.72 0.56 0.10 0.12
Protein, % 5.15 4.80 0.28 0.18
Protein yield, kg/d 0.44 0.46 0.02 0.50
Lactose, % 5.19 5.44 0.18 0.19
Lactose yield, kg/d 0.45 0.52 0.03 0.05
SNF, % 10.93 10.92 0.24 0.95
SNF yield, kg/d 0.93 1.04 0.05 0.04
Protein:Fat ratio 0.64 0.85 0.09 0.03

17. 17
144 sows fed -6 d – 26 d lactation (2979 piglets)
CLA during late gestation and lactation
decreases piglet mortality
Craig et al. (2017)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
CON CLA MCFA BOTH GILT SOW
Pre-weaningmortality(%)
Factor
Diet Parity
b
P ≥ 0.10
P < 0.10
ab

18. 18
40 sows fed 0 d to 28 d lactation
CLA during lactation decreases decreases
mortality
Hadas et al. (2015)
Control CLA P-value
Pigs/litter 10.95 10.55 NS
# Weaned 8.35 9.70 0.01
Losses # 2.60 0.85 0.01
Losses % 16.63 6.98 0.01

19. 19
40 sows fed 0 d to 28 d lactation
CLA during lactation decreases decreases
weaning to oestrus interval
Hadas et al. (2015)
Control CLA P-value
Wean to Oestrus, d 5.00 4.05 0.05
# of inseminations/conception 1.40 1.15 NS

20. Qin et al. (2017)
Rumen protected CLA during lactation reduces
milk fat secretion while maintaining milk yield

21. Qin et al. (2017)
Rumen protected CLA during lactation improves
energy balance and body weight

22. Conclusions
• Dietary CLA supplementation can improve growth performance
and reduce fat deposition in grower/finisher pigs
• Dietary CLA increases IMF and marbling although eating quality
is slightly reduced (not as great as pST or ractopamine)
• Dietary CLA supplementation can improve piglet and sow
performance at least in part through increasing IgG (cis-9, trans-
11) and reducing milk fat secretion (trans-10, cis-11).
• Opportunities to reduce fat mobilization in early lactating dairy
cows using rumen protected CLA.