2. SOLUBILITY OF SALT IN WATER All insoluble except Potassium hydroxide, and Sodium hydroxide while Calcium hydroxide soluble a little. Hydroxide All insoluble except Potassium oxide and Sodium oxide, while Calcium oxide soluble a little. Oxide All insoluble except Sodium Carbonate, Potassium carbonate, and Ammonium Carbonate. Carbonate Salt All soluble except Lead(II) sulphate and Barium sulphate, while Calcium sulphate is soluble partially. Sulphate Salt All soluble except Lead(II) chloride, Silver Chloride, and Mercury(I) chloride. (Lead(II) Chloride soluble in hot water but in cold water. ) Chloride Salt All Soluble Nitrate Salt All Soluble Sodium Salt Potassium Salt Ammonium Salt Solubility in Water Type of Salt
3. NH 4 + Ag + Cu 2+ Pb 2+ Sn 2+ Fe 2+ Zn 2+ Al 3+ Mg 2+ Ca 2+ Na + K + Carbonate, CO 3 2- Sulphate, SO 4 2- Chloride, Cl - Nitrate, NO 3 - Cation
4. Test for Cation : With NaOH solution Cation NaOH(aq) solution Some NaOH(aq) No precipitate White Precipitate Coloured Precipitate Soluble and Colourless Precipitate Insoluble Precipitate Heat NH 4 + With precipitate Concentrated HCL Drops Precipitate Green Brown Blue Fe 2+ Fe 3+ Cu 2+ Insoluble Precipitate Mg 2+ Ca 2+ Pb 2+ Al 2+ Zn 2+ Mg 2+ Ca 2+ Pb 2+ Al 2+ Zn 2+
5. Test for Cation: With Ammonia Solution Cation NH 3 (aq) Solution Some NH 3 (aq) No Precipitate White Precipitate Coloured Precipitate Soluble and Colourless Precipitate Insoluble Precipitate NH 4 + , Ca 2+ Precipitate Precipitate Green Brown Blue Fe 2+ Fe 3+ Cu 2+ Soluble Precipitate Mg 2+ Pb 2+ Al 2+ Zn 2+ Mg 2+ Pb 2+ Al 2+ Zn 2+ Insoluble Precipitate
6.
7. GOOD LUCK IN SPM ! The secret of our success is that we never, never give up. THANK YOU!
