2. DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
DIRECT SPEECH
CHARACTERISTICS:
It is original quotation of a talk
It is always placed between two quotation marks
It is always preceded by Capital letter
3. Colon (:), Comma (,) are placed before direct
speech when the introductory verb position is in
the front
Comma (,) are placed after direct speech when the
introductory verb position is placed after or between
the direct speech
4. The use of punctuation like
exclamation mark (!), question mark
(?) that point type of sentence of direct
speech do not change
Eg.
- ‘Where do you live?’ she asked
- My mother says to my sister: ‘Wash your hands!’
- She yelled at me: ‘Don’t have the door open!’
5. INDIRECT SPEECH
It is a kind of report sentence
(reported speech)
It retells one’s talk or idea
It undergoes certain modification
6. It has three types of indirect speech
1. Imperative (Command/request)
2. Declarative (Statement)
3. Interrogative (question
7. 1. Imperative (Command/request)
The reported is a command
Because of a command so that it
does not know subject
The verb in direct imperative does
not change
8. - Imperative has contain verb 1
like go, sleep, open etc so in the
indirect speech is preceded by
to infinitive) namely to go, to
sleep, to open
9. It also has non verb, so the
reported command is preceded by
‘Be + adjective/adverb!’ like: be
quiet, be happy, be here so in the
Indirect Speech it becomes to be
quiet, to be happy, to be here
10. POSITIVE IMPERATIVE:
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
She told me to go away
She said, “Go away!” She ordered her to go away
“Come here!” she She asked him to come there
said. She commended them to come there
I begged us to be quite
I said, “Be quite!” I suggested the children to be quite
‘Be quiet!’ she yelled at
She ordered the children to
the children be quiet
She begged, “Be She warned to be happy
happy!”
‘Please help me!’ she She asked him to help
told him her
ooooooooooooooooooo
11. NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE:
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
She said, “Don’t go She told me not to go away
away!” She ordered her not to go away
She asked him not to come there
“Don’t Come here!” she She commended them not to come there
said
I begged us not to be noisy
I said, “Don’t Be I suggested the children not to be noisy
noisy!”
She begged, “Don’t be She warned us not to be lazy
lazy!”
‘Don’t be lazy!’ she said She advised Laila not to
to Laila be lazy
‘Don’t worry about it!’ She told him not to
She said to him worry about it
12. Declarative (Statement)
A. Pronoun and Possessive adjective
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
I He/She
You me/he/she/them/I/him/her
My his/her
Our their/our
Your My/his/her
13. Declarative (Statement)
B. Adverb of time and Place
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
now then
today that day
tomorrow the next day
the day after
the following day
a day later
next the … after
the following …
14. Declarative (Statement)
B. Adverb of time and Place
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
last … the … before
the previous …
the preceding …
… ago … before
… earlier
yesterday the day before
the previous day
the preceeding day
the day before yesterday two days before
here there
this that
these those
15. Declarative (Statement)
C. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Present Simple Past Simple
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
16. Declarative (Statement)
C. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Future Simple Past Future
Future Continuous Past Future Continuous
Future Perfect Past Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous Past Future Perfect
Continuous
17. Declarative (Statement)
C. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Past Simple Past Perfect
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Past Perfect
18. Let’s see the following changes
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Verb 1 Verb 2
Verb 2 Had + Verb 3
Is was
Am was
Are were
Have had
Has had
Do did
Does did
Was/were had been
Did had + verb 3
19. Let’s see the following changes
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Can could
May might
Must had to
Shall should
Will would
20. Let’s see the following changes
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Ought to + verb 1 ought to + have + verb 3 / been
Could + verb 1 could + have + verb 3 / been
Might + verb 1 might + have + verb 3 / been
Should + verb 1 should + have + verb3 / been
Would + verb 1 would + have + verb 3 / been
21. Examples:
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Andi: ‘I will go now.’ Andi said that he would
go then
Rani: ‘They love me.’ Rani told me they loved
her
‘I’ve been writing’, Dina Dina answered that she
answered had been writing
Mother: ‘I was sick yesterday.’ Mother told that
she had been sick
the day before
22. 3. Interrogative (question)
a. Preceded by Auxiliary
When the question is preceded by auxiliary that
needs yes/No answer it will be used the
conjunction if or whether in the indirect
speech
The steps how to make indirect speech:
The question sentence of the indirect speech is firstly
changed to be statement
It then follows the rules before
23. Example
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Doctor: ‘Do you usually take a nap?’
It is firstly changed to be:
You usually take a nap Doctor asks
if/whether I
usually take a
nap
24. Example
DIRECT SPEECH
Mary: ‘Are you a student?’
It is firstly changed to be:
You are a student
INDIRECT SPEECH
Ratu asked if/whether I was a
student
25. Example
DIRECT SPEECH
John: ‘May I borrow your car?’
Preceded by Question Word (QW)
It is firstly changed to be:
I may borrow your car
INDIRECT SPEECH
John asked if he might borrow my
John asked whether he might borrow my
26. a. Preceded by Question Words
In the question using Question
Word (QW)
To form indirect speech the question
is firstly changed to be statement
QW: what, when, where, which,
why, who, whom, etc. are used as
conjunction
27. Example
DIRECT SPEECH
Andi: ‘How do you spell your name?’
- It is firstly changed to be:
You spell your name
INDIRECT SPEECH
Andi asked how I spelt my name
28. Example
DIRECT SPEECH
Sophia: Where can you keep your money safely?’
It is firstly changed to be:
You can keep your money safely
INDIRECT SPEECH
- Sophia asked me where I could keep my
money safely.
