The document discusses the past perfect tense and its uses in English grammar. The past perfect tense is formed using had + past participle and expresses actions that were completed before something else in the past. It can indicate a completed action before another past action or a duration of time before another past event. Examples are given for the positive and negative forms of the past perfect tense.

1. Past perfect tense Subj + HAD + + Participle + Complements eg. I couldn’t open the door because I had forgotten the key!!! We couldn’t go to the concert because we had lost the tickets.

2. Positive Subject + ha d + Participle. You passed the exam because y ou had studied . Negative Subject + ha d + not + Participle. You failed the exam because y ou ha d not studi ed enough . Questions H ad + Subject+ Participle+? - Ha d you studied for the English Exam ? - Yes, I ha d Where ha d they been ? At school

3. USE OF THE PAST PERFECT TENSE The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. 1- Completed Action Before Something in the Past

4. 2- Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs) With Non- Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Examples: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years. They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years. Abstract Verbs to be, to want, to cost, to seem, to need, to care, to contain, to owe, to exist... Possession Verbs to possess, to own, to belong... Emotion Verbs to like, to love, to hate, to dislike, to fear, to envy, to mind...