The document discusses how heavy industry contributed to the United States becoming a powerful industrialized nation during the 2nd Industrial Revolution. It focuses on four key heavy industries: steel, railroads, oil, and automobile manufacturing. Steel production greatly increased due to the Bessemer process which made steel cheaper and faster to produce. Railroads transported goods and people, helping expand industry and drive settlement of the West. Petroleum fueled transportation and other industries. Henry Ford used assembly line production and interchangeable parts, known as mass production, which enabled drastic increases in manufacturing output and decreases in costs.

1. Notice, we are still in unit 2 discussing the
2nd Industrial Revolution.
Also notice we have moved into a new
topic.
Topic 3 is about how heavy industry
contributed to the United States becoming
a powerful industrialized nation.

2.  Analyze how heavy
industry transformed the
American economy from an
agrarian to an increasingly
urban industrial society.
Take out your handout and write the learning objective
(what you need to learn from this lesson).
Write, “Analyze how heavy industry transformed
the American economy from an agrarian to an
increasingly urban industrial society.”

3. “Industries such as steel, oil,
automobile, mining, etc. which
require very large investments
of capital (money) in weighty
machinery and huge plants
(factories).”
Take out your handout and write the definition for
heavy industry--
“Industries such as steel, oil, automobile, mining, etc.
which require very large investments of capital
(money) in weighty machinery and huge plants
(factories).”

4.  Did rapid
industrialization improve
the lives of Americans?
 Are the benefits of
progress worth the costs?
By the end of the
unit, you should be
able to discuss if
industrialization
improved the lives
of Americans, and
are the benefits of
progress worth
the costs.

5. The first heavy
industry that we
will discuss is
steel. Steel
manufacturing
greatly
contributed to
the success of
the Industrial
Revolution.

6. It was a
cheaper, faster
way to make steel
2. What was the
Bessemer process?
This success was brought about by
a new process that revolutionized
the steel industry. Go to your
handout. Answer the next
question, “What was the Bessemer
process?”
Write, “It was a cheaper, faster
way to make steel.”

7. 1850s
Bessemer
Process
Made steel
faster and
cheaper
BEFORE
BESSEMER
PROCESS
1873 –115,000
tons of steel
manufactured
AFTER
BESSEMER
PROCESS
1910 –24 million
tons of steel
manufactured
Used to make
railroad
locomotives and
rails
Used to make
taller buildings
Factories with
steel machinery
turned out more
manufactured
goods
Low cost of steel
made it practical
for everyday items
such as nails and
wire

8. New Bessemer
production techniques
increased efficiency
(saved time) which in
turn lowered the cost of
steel.
The next question asks,
In the late 1800s, what
factor directly
contributed to the
growth of the steel
industry? In your handout
write, New Bessemer
production techniques
increased efficiency
(saved time) which in
turn lowered the cost of
steel.

9. Factories equipped with steel were
able to produce more manufactured
goods to meet consumer demands
which in turn made the company
more money.”
The question asks, How
did the steel industry lead
to the Second Industrial
Revolution? In your
handout write, “Factories
equipped with steel were
able to produce more
manufactured goods to
meet consumer demands
which in turn made the
company more money.”

10. Write: Improvements
in steel made stronger
internal steel structure
to support the
building, it could be
taller; therefore taller
buildings created
greater population
density in urban areas
DENSITY=CONCENTRA
TION

11. Another heavy industry that
greatly contributed to the
success of the Industrial
Revolution was railroads.

12. Write: Railroads transported
goods that were being
manufactured, transported
food crops and meat to
market, and provided jobs.
6. How would railroads
help lead to the 2nd
Industrial Revolution?

13. Write: Railroads made
settlement in the West
easier, and caused new
towns to spring up.

14. During the late 1800s,
major improvements
to a nationwide
system of trade and
the opening of the
West to settlement
were made with the
transcontinental
Railroad.

15. 1910
May 10, 1869 at Promontory
Summit in Utah Territory
The first transcontinental railroad crossed
the country
Very quickly,
railroad lines
expanded!

16. The third
heavy industry
we will discuss
is petroleum
(oil).

17. Write: Petroleum
products fuels a
revolution in
transportation
(car
manufacturing)
and other
industries.

18. Our next focus
of discussion is
mass
production.
Heavy
industries
adopted this
form of
manufacturing

19. Henry Ford is the first to use
the assembly line and
interchangeable parts. Other
industries soon follow his
example

20. Write:
Mass production is
manufacturing large numbers
of identical items;
Its effects are:
 it creates large increases in
production,
 decrease in prices,
 standardization of
measurements,
 and repetitive jobs (doing
the same job at work over
and over).

21. WRITE:
 interchangeable parts,
identical machine-made
parts
 assembly line
system in which workers
stay in one place, adding
parts as items go by

22. Write:
 It allowed for
increased
production,
 lowered prices,
 increased sales

23. What were the three heavy industries we discussed?
They were steel, railroads, oil, and we discussed
the influence of car manufacturing when we
discussed mass production.