1. People and Terms:
The Making of Industrial Society
Industrialization A process that transformed agrarian and handicraft centered economies
distinguished by industry and machine manufacturing
Coal Wood original heating source led to deforestation, coal deposits found in Great
Britain led to replacing wood because it was better fuel source for industrialization
Steam engine (1765) Developed by James Watt, burned coal to boil water for steam
which drove mechanical devices that preformed work, steam forced pistons to turn a
wheel
Iron and steel Technological refinement produced more iron and steel for
mechanization, smelters used coke (purified from coal) to make bigger blast furnaces and
more steel and iron
James Watt Better developed steam engine, coined the term “Horse Power”
Henry Bessemer Discovered new way to make steel
Factory system New way of organizing labor made necessary by the development of
machines, started in England
Putting out Domestic Distribution
Luddites Social movement British textile artisans who protested against mass production
in the industrial revolution
Corporations Large developed businesses that gain certain rights and continue after
founders death
Monopolies, trusts, cartels
Standard Oil Oil company founded by John D. Rockefeller

2. John D. Rockefeller Major industrialist in 20th century, revolutionized petroleum
industry
Mass production Producing large amounts of the same products in factories
Eli Whitney Invented the Cotton Gin in 1794
Assembly line Revolutionized the time and energy it takes to make products
Interchangeable parts Parts that can be moved and used in more than 1 place in the
machine
Urbanization Migration of rural people to major cities
Transcontinental migration Moving from one continent to another
Socialism The resting of control of the means of production and distribution
Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels Wrote Communist Manifesto
Charles Fourier France’s utopian socialist and philosopher and wrote the Theory of the
Four Movements Extension of liberty to women.
Robert Owen Founder of socialism and the Cooperative Movement, The Three Pillars,
supported the factory system.
Communist Manifesto Karl Marx & Engels, it laid out the League's purposes and
program. It presents an analytical approach to the class struggle (historical and present)
and the problems of capitalism, rather than a prediction of communism's potential future
forms
Capital Factors of production used to create government or services that are not
themselves significantly important
Count Sergei Witte Head of industrialization for Russia
Zaibatsu Financial/Business conglomerates in Japan, a wealthy financial group