ILP Sustainability CPD Afternoon: Creating a Circular Economy in the Lighting Industry - A Prologue
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This document introduces tools and guidance for creating a circular economy in the lighting industry. It discusses moving from a linear take-make-waste model to a circular model where materials are reused and recycled. The Circular Economy Assessment Method (CEAM) is presented as a suite of tools to assess products, projects and specifications based on criteria like reusability, materials usage, and design for disassembly. CEAM-Make and CEAM-Specify are described as assessment methods for manufacturers and designers with criteria in areas like product design, manufacturing, and materials. Existing legislation and standards that support circular economy aims are also reviewed. The document advocates discussing circular design principles with clients and manufacturers early in the lighting design process.
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ILP Sustainability CPD Afternoon: Creating a Circular Economy in the Lighting Industry - A Prologue
- 1. ‘Creating a Circular Economy in the Lighting Industry’ – A Prologue The Society of Light and Lighting Kristina Allison CEng MSLL MCIBSE
- 4. Image from:
- 6. Circular Economy - How and where to begin Linear Model • Exhaust natural materials • Emissions - in production • Emissions - in distribution • Emissions - in use And finally • Disposed
- 7. Circular Economy - How and where to begin Circular Model • Materials – either recycled or from sustainable source • Used and reused or upgraded • Remain a luminaire for as long as possible Or – • Worse case – materials are recycled but not mixed with lower grade waste
- 8. • Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) • Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive • EU Single Lighting Regulation - (EU)2019/2020 laying down the ecodesign requirements for light sources and separate control gears. ... and 'containing products' as opposed to just lamps and luminaires. • EcoDesign for Energy Related products • Environment (Principles & Governance) Bill 2018, presented by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), does not specifically mention lighting, but it does cover eco labelling and waste • DEFRA draft Environment Bill is ongoing, for example on Designing out Waste • EU legislation via the EcoDesign (section 4) route comes into force on 1st September 2021 • European Commission – Integrated Product Policy (IPP) • BS 8887-220:2010 covers the ‘Design for manufacture, assembly, disassembly and end-of-life processing (MADE). The process of remanufacture. Specification’ Current practice – Existing Guidelines and Standards
- 9. Circular Economy – Suite of Tools • Aimed at all sectors of lighting - For each sector, the why - For each sector, the how • Provide next steps • Provide enabling tools • Simple metric • Avoiding greenwash TM66 CEAM Make CEAM Project CEAM Specify
- 10. Circular Economy – Relevant and Practical • Explain • Encourage • Business case - sector by sector • Case studies of early adopters • Legislation • FAQs Bob Bohannon – Project lead Kristina Allison – Project manager Plus input from others.
- 11. Introduction to the Circular Economy Drivers & Barriers • Industry wide • Sector by Sector Practicalities • Safety • Warranties • Localism FAQs Legislation Best Practice Guidance Case Studies Circular Economy – TM66 Contents
- 12. Circular Economy - How and where to begin Assessment methods: • CEAM–Make (65 questions) • CEAM–Specify (23 questions) • CEAM–Project (WIP) Question categories: • Product Design • Manufacturing • Materials • Ecosystems CEAM Make CEAM Project CEAM Design CEAM – the Circular Economy Assessment Method
- 13. Circular Economy – CEAM-Make (for manufacturers – or super keen designers!) 31 weighted separate criteria for assessment across 12 areas: 1. Reusability 2. Upgradeability 3. Burning Hours Monitoring 4. Repairability 5. Durability 6. Material Usage & Sourcing 7. Harmonisation of Component Usage 8. Fixings (screws vs glues) 9. Design for re-manufacture 10. Resilience to Digital Control Obsolescence 11. Proof of Circular Economy Claims 12. Competence & Buy-in CEAM Make
- 14. Circular Economy – CEAM-Specify (for designers – or as a ‘triage’ tool) 23 separate criteria for assessment across the same 4 core areas: 1. Product Design (9) 2. Manufacturing (2) 3. Materials (5) 4. Ecosystem (5) CEAM Design
- 15. Circular Economy – CEAM Scores Scoring Metric: Assessment results: Example
- 16. Circular Economy – Where to begin this Journey? Key Steps In Lighting Design Process: • Identify the requirements – GET THE CLIENT ON BOARD • Determine the method of lighting • Select the lighting equipment – DISCUSS WITH MANUFACTURERS • Calculate the lighting parameters and adjust the design as required • Determine the control system • Inspect the installation upon completion
- 18. THANK YOU >> If you would like any information on TM66 and CEAM please contact either me (Kristina), Bob or the SLL!
- 19. Discount for ILP members for this event only Non-member event price for TM66 pdf is £50 (full price £60) Discount code: SLLTM6611NovPDF Non-member event price for TM66 hard copy is £65 (full price £80) Discount code: SLLTM6611Nov The discount will end Friday 19th November. TM66 & CEAM
Editor's Notes
- Firstly, I’d like to thank the ILP for having me here today to talk about a subject that is not only very relevant now, but it I am incredibly passionate about - so thank you My name is Kristina Allison, I am a senior lighting designer at Atkins in London and I am chair of the education committee at the Society of Light and Lighting. It’s great to be here, please bare with me, I am currently on maternity leave and spend most days singing row-row your boat to my 10 month old daughter! So why am I here, talking to you today?! Over the past 20+ months, myself and now past-president of the SLL Bob Bohannon have written the guidance document (TM66) and assessment method (CEAM) to help lighting designers and manufacturers and others who work with lighting, to incorporate Circular Economy principles into their design practices. Our work is now published but I would like to give you a bit of a glimpse into the suite of tools we have created and to tell you more about why we began writing it – and importantly why we think now is so important. This presentation is intended to be a prologue – a bit of why, and some how and some what next. Importantly, we want you to join us on this Circular Economy journey.
- These types of images are not unfamiliar, they are shown to us regularly on the news or other forms or media. They tend to be used as an attempt to summarise the global warming situation – but unless you live in an area that has cyclones, forest files, or extreme drought it can be hard to appreciate the extreme weather changes that are happening in other areas of the world - how they affect us and how we can doing anything. It is TOO traumatic and can be hard to take it all in. So it can go over our head – it becomes overwhelming and we can switch off to it all. National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration US Department of Commerce (NOAA)
- So, to bring the conversation a bit closer to home, these are some images of things that are affecting the UK now – even the London Underground flooded due to flash flooding and overwhelmed the sewage system. Severe changes in weather conditions are having devastating effects by destroying people’s homes even here, as happened in Kent in August of this year. In other parts of the world we see how extreme effects of climate change have left people completely HELPLESS and they are forced to abandon their homes and seek asylum in other countries. And sadly are not always welcomed with open arms. Met Office records show over the past 20 years that not only are temperatures increasing but that they are becoming more and more unpredictable – the situation is out of control. But what’s all this go to do with the Circular Economy in lighting?
- The first response to the climate emergency was to – save energy by reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions – LEDs seemed to solve that problem – as this images suggests “55% reduction in costs” – however, did that solve the problem? This images is just an example of one manufacturer who sell LED luminaires. First generation LED fit-outs weren’t always the best, and in a bid to get the best savings and a push to get the fastest payback, sometimes the quality of light was often sacrificed. But we couldn’t just change a lamp anymore. Luminaires were and are enclosed, making even minor repairs or alterations impossible. So as luminaires start to fail – where do they go? Landfill – in fact only 7.5% of luminaires disposed of are even recycled. And most of the material that is recovered is just shredded. So, to begin with – the Energy efficiency story “solved” a problem, but in some ways left us with another – lighting not aligned to Circular Economy principles.
- How does THAT fit into the Circular Economy story? Well, we needed to continually remind ourselves whilst researching and writing of the difference and it can be hard to separate the Energy Efficiency, Embodied Carbon and the Circular Economy story sometimes – energy efficient products do not mean that they are ‘Circular’ and Embodied Carbon is a different story. They are all important – but are not the same. So, where are we now?
- Current manufacture processes uses a linear model of ‘Take, make, Waste’ where materials are: made into something (so in our case, a lamp or luminaire’) installed and used Then at the end of their life or installation life (which could be way before the products expected life) just chucked in the bin. Hopefully in a recycle bin, but some times still not, and 2021 this is just not good enough.
- This is ‘The Circular Model’ – once the luminaires have been used they can be reused, refurbished, made into something else or recycled. Preferably, the luminaire will remain in its primary form as a luminaire and upgraded when needed. Worst case is recycled but the materials are kept at high quality and not mixed with lower grade material.
- We began looking at existing guidelines and standards, but most only touch on Circular Economy, and don’t go deep enough to make the impact needed or make a measurable change. Much of the legislation has common strands – tightening up of waste regulations, replaceable light sources, components and/or drivers. But they give an introduction of Circular Economy principles to help move towards the greater ambition of Net Zero Carbon buildings.
- So what did we do? We researched widely, then brought it all together including the relevant (and related) standards and guidelines, into one place and created the SLL Technical Memorandum (TM66) But we didn’t just stop there… We also developed a metric to assist lighting designers and manufactures in bringing these principles into their products and projects too. We created a suite of tools that are – READ LIST
- When we began the journey of writing ‘TM66 - Creating The Circular Economy in the Lighting Industry’ - For each profession and sector it details why it is important to them and what the next steps are. Importantly we engaged widely across the industry to ensure it was relevant and practical – and not just an academic document! Within the document we explain, encourage, give business cases sector-by-sector, include case studies, associated legislation and frequently asked questions.
- The contents includes an…. The case studies come 6 manufactures, 1 product designer, 4 lighting design practices and 1 major end-user, showing how this is already being implemented into real projects right now!
- CEAM – the Circular Economy Assessment Method metric, to enable the challenging task of knowing if a product is Circular Economy “friendly”. We developed a list, in fact two – CEAM-Make (65 questions) and CEAM-Specify (23 questions). A third tool, CEAM-Project is still currently work-in-progress, this will look at bringing all elements of a design and project together. The questions in these metrics cover 4 core categories – Product design, manufacturing, materials and their supporting ecosystem.
- The First tool – CEAM-Make…this is aimed at use for manufacturers. This tool enables us to understand what level of ‘Circularity’ a product currently has. The questions use a criteria covering 12 areas, including – READ LIST
- The Second tool – CEAM-Specify……this is aimed at use for designers. This tool also enables us to understand what level of ‘Circularity’ a product has but doesn’t go into as much detail but still uses the same 4 core criteria areas of Product Design, Manufacturing, Materials and Ecosystems. We imagine this being used during an initial conversation with a sales rep. for example when looking at different products and trying to assess apples-for-apples! After which, the manufacture goes onto assess their product using the full CEAM-Make tool.
- Each question in CEAM is scored out of 4, depending on the amount and quality of Circular Economy evidence provided by the manufacturer during the assessment. 0 = no evidence, plus 4 = outstanding evidence. We show tab-by-tab results, and then an overall score, accompanied by an easy-to-use, red to green result. An overall performance rating brings all the results together in a summary and simply explains what the end number achieved means. - Very poor Circular Economy performance Some Circular Economy functionalities Definite progress towards Circularity Excellent Circularity We do recognise that the last one is perhaps quite far down the road, but it takes us on the journey in the right direction.
- How and where to begin? As I have said, this is a journey, both for us as designers and specifiers in terms of knowledge and philosophy. We need to be able to take our client on that journey too to help get their buy in at early design stages. Sometimes luminaires or lighting equipment with Circular Economy features might not be the cheapest option but the benefits go beyond and we need to help them see why they are the best solution. That is for us to work on with manufacturers too, to make sure they understand how they can support and come on that journey. It’s not just about putting lighting in a building, it is both an investment in an asset and supporting the global need for more responsible use of materials.
- Where to now? TM66 and CEAM’s are now published and we need you, designers, specifiers and manufacturers to put this into practice. Look at your own design process, can you fit this in to your projects? Ask yourself (and the manufacturers) the CEAM questions and help bring Circular Economy into projects and into mainstream design practice.
- Thank you, and if you would like any more information on TM66 or CEAM please contact us.
- Thank you Jess and the ILP for letting me share this with ILP members today, the SLL have a special event discount – so please, write down these codes. They expire next Friday 19th November.