Güneş Enerji Santralı Yer Seçiminde Açık Kaynak Kodlu CBS Kullanımı-Eskişehir...Levent Sabah
AYDAY C., SABAH L., YAMAN Y., HÖKE O., Güneş Enerji Santralı Yer Seçiminde Açık Kaynak Kodlu CBS Kullanımı-Eskişehir İl Örneği, VI.UZAL-CBS Sempozyumu Çukurova 2016, 6 Ekim 2016, Adana, Türkiye
Mppt and mppt with pi converter based phtovoltic systemMadhu Kundu
This document discusses maximizing power output from a photovoltaic (PV) system using perturb and observe (P&O) and proportional-integral (PI) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms. It first provides background on solar cells, modules, and arrays. It then presents the mathematical modeling of a solar cell and simulations of equations describing current and voltage. The document shows simulation diagrams of a PV system using P&O and PI controllers, and results comparing the output power of each. It concludes that using PI control improved system performance and increased output power compared to P&O alone.
This document is a seminar report on nuclear micro-batteries submitted by Vishnu M T. It discusses the historical developments of nuclear batteries dating back to the 1950s. It describes how nuclear batteries harvest energy from radioactive isotopes through alpha and beta particle emissions without nuclear fission or fusion. The report examines various isotopes considered for batteries and mechanisms to incorporate radioactive sources. It outlines advantages like high energy density and lifetime measured in decades, as well as challenges. Applications discussed include powering pacemakers, sensors, and future mobile devices.
Leonard is considering replacing his company's aging pump system with one of two newer options. He performs a life cycle cost analysis to determine the lowest total cost alternative over a 9-year period. The summary outlines the 6 steps of the analysis: 1) Define the objective as choosing the lowest cost of the three options over 9 years. 2) Identify relevant costs as investment, maintenance, energy, downtime, salvage value. 3) Gather data on these costs from sources and estimate costs for each year. 4) Calculate key financial indicators like net present value and internal rate of return. 5) Perform risk analysis on uncertain inputs. 6) Make the optimal decision.
India is currently importing 100 million tons of crude oil per year at a cost of $34 billion annually. At this rate, imports may rise to 300 million tons by 2030. Solar energy has significant potential in India due to abundant sunshine, and concentrating solar power plants are being developed that use mirrors to focus sunlight and generate high-temperature heat or electricity. India has launched several large solar power projects, including a proposed 750MW plant and two 125MWe plants by AREVA, showing its commitment to increasing solar power capacity.
Nuclear batteries are devices that generate electricity from radioactive isotopes without using a chain reaction. They provide a long-lasting, compact power source as an alternative to chemical batteries that require frequent replacement. The document traces the historical development of nuclear batteries from their conception in 1950 and discusses different types including thermal and non-thermal converters. It covers considerations for radioactive fuels, advantages like longevity and efficiency, disadvantages like cost, and applications such as in pacemakers. In summary, the document provides an overview of nuclear batteries, their working principles, development over time, and potential uses as a long-life power source.
A brief overview of PV market globally and regionally is presented and how it has disrupted the current network business model. Energy Storage has become a necessity as penetration of PV in the current network increases and created challenging ramping issues as the daily load curves have changed to what is now popularly called “Duck” curves. The value of energy storage in the network is presented, clearly demonstrating that maximum value is realised at end users, commercial and residential. Battery storage is one of the most practical option. Commercial battery technologies are presented, followed by selected case studies.
Güneş Enerji Santralı Yer Seçiminde Açık Kaynak Kodlu CBS Kullanımı-Eskişehir...Levent Sabah
AYDAY C., SABAH L., YAMAN Y., HÖKE O., Güneş Enerji Santralı Yer Seçiminde Açık Kaynak Kodlu CBS Kullanımı-Eskişehir İl Örneği, VI.UZAL-CBS Sempozyumu Çukurova 2016, 6 Ekim 2016, Adana, Türkiye
Mppt and mppt with pi converter based phtovoltic systemMadhu Kundu
This document discusses maximizing power output from a photovoltaic (PV) system using perturb and observe (P&O) and proportional-integral (PI) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms. It first provides background on solar cells, modules, and arrays. It then presents the mathematical modeling of a solar cell and simulations of equations describing current and voltage. The document shows simulation diagrams of a PV system using P&O and PI controllers, and results comparing the output power of each. It concludes that using PI control improved system performance and increased output power compared to P&O alone.
This document is a seminar report on nuclear micro-batteries submitted by Vishnu M T. It discusses the historical developments of nuclear batteries dating back to the 1950s. It describes how nuclear batteries harvest energy from radioactive isotopes through alpha and beta particle emissions without nuclear fission or fusion. The report examines various isotopes considered for batteries and mechanisms to incorporate radioactive sources. It outlines advantages like high energy density and lifetime measured in decades, as well as challenges. Applications discussed include powering pacemakers, sensors, and future mobile devices.
Leonard is considering replacing his company's aging pump system with one of two newer options. He performs a life cycle cost analysis to determine the lowest total cost alternative over a 9-year period. The summary outlines the 6 steps of the analysis: 1) Define the objective as choosing the lowest cost of the three options over 9 years. 2) Identify relevant costs as investment, maintenance, energy, downtime, salvage value. 3) Gather data on these costs from sources and estimate costs for each year. 4) Calculate key financial indicators like net present value and internal rate of return. 5) Perform risk analysis on uncertain inputs. 6) Make the optimal decision.
India is currently importing 100 million tons of crude oil per year at a cost of $34 billion annually. At this rate, imports may rise to 300 million tons by 2030. Solar energy has significant potential in India due to abundant sunshine, and concentrating solar power plants are being developed that use mirrors to focus sunlight and generate high-temperature heat or electricity. India has launched several large solar power projects, including a proposed 750MW plant and two 125MWe plants by AREVA, showing its commitment to increasing solar power capacity.
Nuclear batteries are devices that generate electricity from radioactive isotopes without using a chain reaction. They provide a long-lasting, compact power source as an alternative to chemical batteries that require frequent replacement. The document traces the historical development of nuclear batteries from their conception in 1950 and discusses different types including thermal and non-thermal converters. It covers considerations for radioactive fuels, advantages like longevity and efficiency, disadvantages like cost, and applications such as in pacemakers. In summary, the document provides an overview of nuclear batteries, their working principles, development over time, and potential uses as a long-life power source.
A brief overview of PV market globally and regionally is presented and how it has disrupted the current network business model. Energy Storage has become a necessity as penetration of PV in the current network increases and created challenging ramping issues as the daily load curves have changed to what is now popularly called “Duck” curves. The value of energy storage in the network is presented, clearly demonstrating that maximum value is realised at end users, commercial and residential. Battery storage is one of the most practical option. Commercial battery technologies are presented, followed by selected case studies.
An introduction to solar PV basics, starting from solar cells to PV arrays, giving an overview of on grid and off grid PV system. The presentation also introduce the three PV cells technology which are most in use.
A seminar report on Nuclear Micro BatteryUtkarsh Kumar
This document is a seminar report submitted by Utkarsh Kumar to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree. The report discusses nuclear micro-batteries, which could potentially power microelectromechanical systems by harnessing energy from radioactive decay. It describes several proposed designs for nuclear micro-batteries, including a junction-type battery that uses charged particles to induce a voltage, and a self-reciprocating cantilever design that uses particle collection to power oscillating motion. The report also addresses isotope selection, safety considerations, advantages, disadvantages and applications of nuclear micro-batteries.
India has significantly increased its solar capacity in recent years, reaching 25.21 GW as of December 2018. Major solar power plants include the 6000 MW Dhirubai Ambani Solar Park in Rajasthan. The government has set a target of 100 GW of solar capacity by 2022, including 40 GW from rooftop solar. Solar tariffs have dropped substantially to an average of Rs. 2.44/watt in 2018 compared to Rs. 10/watt in 2010. The Indian Railways has announced a plan to install 4 GW of solar capacity along railway tracks and at stations.
The document presents information on solar power in India. It discusses India's active wind, hydro, and solar sectors and some major states involved in renewable energy implementation. It also outlines the mechanisms of generating solar power through solar radiations, collectors, and battery storage. Some advantages of India for solar power development are its strong industrial base, availability of skilled labor, large renewable energy programs, and supportive government policies and financial incentives. National renewable energy policy targets are outlined to support power generation through renewable sources like wind, small hydro, biomass and solar to meet energy needs.
This document outlines plans to install a 15 kW off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) power system in the remote village of Rantau Tipu, Indonesia. The system would provide electricity to 118 homes using solar panels, batteries, a solar charge controller, and inverter. It is estimated the system would generate an average of 61,383 kWh of electricity per year, allowing homes to be illuminated in the evenings. An energy management system would be included to restrict usage and ensure sustainability of the power supply. Off-grid solar is presented as an affordable and reliable solution to electrify remote areas without access to centralized grid infrastructure.
The document describes nuclear batteries, which harvest energy from radioactive materials to power microelectromechanical systems. Nuclear batteries use isotopes like alpha and low-energy beta emitters as fuel. The energy comes from high-energy particles emitted during radioactive decay, without requiring nuclear fission or fusion. Due to their high energy density, nuclear batteries can be extremely small. One type under development is called a "dainty dynamo" due to its small size and shape.
Renewable energy resources and technologies such as wind, solar, biomass, and fuel cells can provide power to the smart grid. However, their variability and intermittent nature present challenges to integrating them effectively. The document discusses modeling various renewable resources and technologies, and issues related to their penetration and variability that must be addressed for successful large-scale adoption in the smart grid. Demand response strategies are also examined as an approach to balance supply and demand and better integrate renewable resources.
The document summarizes the history and operation of solar cells. It discusses how solar cells work by converting light into electricity via the photovoltaic effect. The document then provides a brief history of solar cell technology, noting key milestones like Charles Fritts creating the first solar cell in 1883 and Russell Ohl inventing the silicon solar cell in 1941. It also discusses modern applications of solar energy through passive solar building design and active solar technologies like photovoltaics and concentrated solar power.
This document outlines a thesis proposal on grid interactive solar PV power generation and control using MATLAB/Simulink. The objectives are to simulate a realistic solar PV module and MPPT algorithms with a boost converter controller. Multi-level inverters including diode-clamped and cascaded H-bridge VSI will be modeled along with their control. A three-phase non-linear load and 3-phase 3-wire shunt active power filter using p-q theory will be designed. Harmonics analysis at the point of common coupling is also proposed. A literature review covers solar energy trends in India, grid-connected inverters, MPPT techniques, multi-level inverters, power filters and harmonic compensation control strategies
This document discusses automatic meter reading (AMR) systems. AMR allows meter readings to be collected remotely via telecommunication links rather than manual readings. Two common communication methods are powerline carrier communication (PLCC) and GSM. PLCC uses existing power lines to transmit data while GSM utilizes mobile networks. The document describes traditional electromechanical meters and advantages of automated digital meters. It also provides an overview of how AMR systems work including the use of encoder-receiver-transmitters connected to meters and data concentrator units that collect readings over PLCC. AMR allows more accurate billing and monitoring while reducing costs compared to manual meter reading.
Pump storage hydroelectricity involves pumping water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir during off-peak hours using surplus grid power. The stored water is then released through turbines to generators during peak hours to produce electricity and meet higher demand. It helps balance the electricity load by absorbing excess power during low demand and releasing it during high demand periods. The largest pump storage plant is located in Bath County, Virginia and has an installed capacity of 3003MW from 6 turbines. It provides load balancing and frequency regulation services on the power grid.
Wind power harnesses the kinetic energy of wind to generate electricity. As wind moves over the Earth's surface, its motion can be captured by wind turbines to power generators. Modern wind turbines consist of blades attached to a rotor that spins a generator to produce electricity. Harnessing wind power provides a renewable and clean energy alternative to fossil fuels.
MicroGrid and Energy Storage System COMPLETE DETAILS NEW PPT Abin Baby
A microgrid is a localized grouping of electricity generation, energy storage, and loads that normally operates connected to a traditional centralized grid (macrogrid). This single point of common coupling with the macrogrid can be disconnected. The microgrid can then function autonomously. Generation and loads in a microgrid are usually interconnected at low voltage. From the point of view of the grid operator, a connected microgrid can be controlled as if it were one entity.
Microgrid generation resources can include fuel cells, wind, solar, or other energy sources. The multiple dispersed generation sources and ability to isolate the microgrid from a larger network would provide highly reliable electric power. Produced heat from generation sources such as micro turbines could be used for local process heating or space heating, allowing flexible trade off between the needs for heat and electric power.
Rural electrification through solar and wind hybrid systemnissy marla
The aim of this work is design and implementation of a Hybrid power generation system using wind energy photovoltaic solar energy- solar energy with Nano-antenna for continuous (24*7) power generation.
GES Güneş Enerji Sistemleri SES Solar Energy Systemsmakgul
Güneş Enerji Sistemleri Teknik Şartnamesi, Geri Kazanım Analizleri, Karşılaştırmalı Analizler, Solar Energy Systems Technical Agreement, Comparative Analysis
This document is a summer internship report submitted by Dharmveer Kumar to his supervisor Dr. K. Sudhakar at the Energy Centre of Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology in Bhopal, India. The report details Dharmveer's performance analysis of a 68 Watt flexible solar PV module under roof-top and facade conditions on a hazy day. It includes an introduction to flexible solar PV technologies, a description of the instruments used, methodology, results and conclusions from the analysis of the module's energy and exergy efficiency.
The document classifies solar energy collectors into two main types: non-concentrating and concentrating. Non-concentrating collectors include flat-plate liquid and air collectors, while concentrating collectors use optical methods like reflection and refraction to focus sunlight onto a small receiver area. Concentrating collectors can achieve higher temperatures than non-concentrating types but require solar tracking and have more complex construction. The document also discusses performance indices for collectors like efficiency and concentration ratio, and provides examples of common collector designs within each classification type.
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis. It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power.
what is solar energy definition
10 advantages of solar energy
what is solar energy kids
what is solar energy system
what is solar power definition
facts about solar energy
use of solar energy
solar energy information
interesting civil engineering topics
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This presentation talks about solar energy status and development in Saudi Arabia and basics of solar energy (Photovoltaics) and its economics. Developed on 30/4/2016
Wind power generation presentation by vikas guptaVikas Gupta
The document discusses induction generators for wind power generation. It describes how wind turbines convert kinetic wind energy to mechanical torque and then electrical power. Variable speed induction generators are preferred over fixed speed as they allow for maximum energy capture from fluctuating wind speeds. The document outlines different types of variable speed induction generator systems used in wind turbines, including squirrel cage, wound rotor, and doubly-fed induction generators. It also discusses the key components and control methods used in variable speed wind energy conversion systems.
örnek bir güneş enerji santrali raporu . bu rapor ile bazı başvurular yapılabilir. http://www.enerjibes.com/gunes-enerji-santrali-raporu-nasil-hazirlanir/
An introduction to solar PV basics, starting from solar cells to PV arrays, giving an overview of on grid and off grid PV system. The presentation also introduce the three PV cells technology which are most in use.
A seminar report on Nuclear Micro BatteryUtkarsh Kumar
This document is a seminar report submitted by Utkarsh Kumar to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree. The report discusses nuclear micro-batteries, which could potentially power microelectromechanical systems by harnessing energy from radioactive decay. It describes several proposed designs for nuclear micro-batteries, including a junction-type battery that uses charged particles to induce a voltage, and a self-reciprocating cantilever design that uses particle collection to power oscillating motion. The report also addresses isotope selection, safety considerations, advantages, disadvantages and applications of nuclear micro-batteries.
India has significantly increased its solar capacity in recent years, reaching 25.21 GW as of December 2018. Major solar power plants include the 6000 MW Dhirubai Ambani Solar Park in Rajasthan. The government has set a target of 100 GW of solar capacity by 2022, including 40 GW from rooftop solar. Solar tariffs have dropped substantially to an average of Rs. 2.44/watt in 2018 compared to Rs. 10/watt in 2010. The Indian Railways has announced a plan to install 4 GW of solar capacity along railway tracks and at stations.
The document presents information on solar power in India. It discusses India's active wind, hydro, and solar sectors and some major states involved in renewable energy implementation. It also outlines the mechanisms of generating solar power through solar radiations, collectors, and battery storage. Some advantages of India for solar power development are its strong industrial base, availability of skilled labor, large renewable energy programs, and supportive government policies and financial incentives. National renewable energy policy targets are outlined to support power generation through renewable sources like wind, small hydro, biomass and solar to meet energy needs.
This document outlines plans to install a 15 kW off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) power system in the remote village of Rantau Tipu, Indonesia. The system would provide electricity to 118 homes using solar panels, batteries, a solar charge controller, and inverter. It is estimated the system would generate an average of 61,383 kWh of electricity per year, allowing homes to be illuminated in the evenings. An energy management system would be included to restrict usage and ensure sustainability of the power supply. Off-grid solar is presented as an affordable and reliable solution to electrify remote areas without access to centralized grid infrastructure.
The document describes nuclear batteries, which harvest energy from radioactive materials to power microelectromechanical systems. Nuclear batteries use isotopes like alpha and low-energy beta emitters as fuel. The energy comes from high-energy particles emitted during radioactive decay, without requiring nuclear fission or fusion. Due to their high energy density, nuclear batteries can be extremely small. One type under development is called a "dainty dynamo" due to its small size and shape.
Renewable energy resources and technologies such as wind, solar, biomass, and fuel cells can provide power to the smart grid. However, their variability and intermittent nature present challenges to integrating them effectively. The document discusses modeling various renewable resources and technologies, and issues related to their penetration and variability that must be addressed for successful large-scale adoption in the smart grid. Demand response strategies are also examined as an approach to balance supply and demand and better integrate renewable resources.
The document summarizes the history and operation of solar cells. It discusses how solar cells work by converting light into electricity via the photovoltaic effect. The document then provides a brief history of solar cell technology, noting key milestones like Charles Fritts creating the first solar cell in 1883 and Russell Ohl inventing the silicon solar cell in 1941. It also discusses modern applications of solar energy through passive solar building design and active solar technologies like photovoltaics and concentrated solar power.
This document outlines a thesis proposal on grid interactive solar PV power generation and control using MATLAB/Simulink. The objectives are to simulate a realistic solar PV module and MPPT algorithms with a boost converter controller. Multi-level inverters including diode-clamped and cascaded H-bridge VSI will be modeled along with their control. A three-phase non-linear load and 3-phase 3-wire shunt active power filter using p-q theory will be designed. Harmonics analysis at the point of common coupling is also proposed. A literature review covers solar energy trends in India, grid-connected inverters, MPPT techniques, multi-level inverters, power filters and harmonic compensation control strategies
This document discusses automatic meter reading (AMR) systems. AMR allows meter readings to be collected remotely via telecommunication links rather than manual readings. Two common communication methods are powerline carrier communication (PLCC) and GSM. PLCC uses existing power lines to transmit data while GSM utilizes mobile networks. The document describes traditional electromechanical meters and advantages of automated digital meters. It also provides an overview of how AMR systems work including the use of encoder-receiver-transmitters connected to meters and data concentrator units that collect readings over PLCC. AMR allows more accurate billing and monitoring while reducing costs compared to manual meter reading.
Pump storage hydroelectricity involves pumping water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir during off-peak hours using surplus grid power. The stored water is then released through turbines to generators during peak hours to produce electricity and meet higher demand. It helps balance the electricity load by absorbing excess power during low demand and releasing it during high demand periods. The largest pump storage plant is located in Bath County, Virginia and has an installed capacity of 3003MW from 6 turbines. It provides load balancing and frequency regulation services on the power grid.
Wind power harnesses the kinetic energy of wind to generate electricity. As wind moves over the Earth's surface, its motion can be captured by wind turbines to power generators. Modern wind turbines consist of blades attached to a rotor that spins a generator to produce electricity. Harnessing wind power provides a renewable and clean energy alternative to fossil fuels.
MicroGrid and Energy Storage System COMPLETE DETAILS NEW PPT Abin Baby
A microgrid is a localized grouping of electricity generation, energy storage, and loads that normally operates connected to a traditional centralized grid (macrogrid). This single point of common coupling with the macrogrid can be disconnected. The microgrid can then function autonomously. Generation and loads in a microgrid are usually interconnected at low voltage. From the point of view of the grid operator, a connected microgrid can be controlled as if it were one entity.
Microgrid generation resources can include fuel cells, wind, solar, or other energy sources. The multiple dispersed generation sources and ability to isolate the microgrid from a larger network would provide highly reliable electric power. Produced heat from generation sources such as micro turbines could be used for local process heating or space heating, allowing flexible trade off between the needs for heat and electric power.
Rural electrification through solar and wind hybrid systemnissy marla
The aim of this work is design and implementation of a Hybrid power generation system using wind energy photovoltaic solar energy- solar energy with Nano-antenna for continuous (24*7) power generation.
GES Güneş Enerji Sistemleri SES Solar Energy Systemsmakgul
Güneş Enerji Sistemleri Teknik Şartnamesi, Geri Kazanım Analizleri, Karşılaştırmalı Analizler, Solar Energy Systems Technical Agreement, Comparative Analysis
This document is a summer internship report submitted by Dharmveer Kumar to his supervisor Dr. K. Sudhakar at the Energy Centre of Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology in Bhopal, India. The report details Dharmveer's performance analysis of a 68 Watt flexible solar PV module under roof-top and facade conditions on a hazy day. It includes an introduction to flexible solar PV technologies, a description of the instruments used, methodology, results and conclusions from the analysis of the module's energy and exergy efficiency.
The document classifies solar energy collectors into two main types: non-concentrating and concentrating. Non-concentrating collectors include flat-plate liquid and air collectors, while concentrating collectors use optical methods like reflection and refraction to focus sunlight onto a small receiver area. Concentrating collectors can achieve higher temperatures than non-concentrating types but require solar tracking and have more complex construction. The document also discusses performance indices for collectors like efficiency and concentration ratio, and provides examples of common collector designs within each classification type.
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis. It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power.
what is solar energy definition
10 advantages of solar energy
what is solar energy kids
what is solar energy system
what is solar power definition
facts about solar energy
use of solar energy
solar energy information
interesting civil engineering topics
seminar topics pdf
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
civil engineering ppt
latest civil engineering seminar topics
This presentation talks about solar energy status and development in Saudi Arabia and basics of solar energy (Photovoltaics) and its economics. Developed on 30/4/2016
Wind power generation presentation by vikas guptaVikas Gupta
The document discusses induction generators for wind power generation. It describes how wind turbines convert kinetic wind energy to mechanical torque and then electrical power. Variable speed induction generators are preferred over fixed speed as they allow for maximum energy capture from fluctuating wind speeds. The document outlines different types of variable speed induction generator systems used in wind turbines, including squirrel cage, wound rotor, and doubly-fed induction generators. It also discusses the key components and control methods used in variable speed wind energy conversion systems.
örnek bir güneş enerji santrali raporu . bu rapor ile bazı başvurular yapılabilir. http://www.enerjibes.com/gunes-enerji-santrali-raporu-nasil-hazirlanir/
güneş enerjisi ile elektrik üretmek,güneş tarlası nasıl kurulur,örnek güneş enerjisi projeleri
http://www.enerjibes.com/gunes-enerji-santrali-kurulumu-maliyeti/
MAXSOLAR ENERGY SAN. TİC. A.Ş, elektrik fiyat artışlarından bağımsız olmayı, kazanç sağlayan uzun vadeli bir yatırımı, ülkemizin öz kaynaklarını değerlendirmeyi ve çevreye zarar vermemeyi hedefleyen bir yatırım projesidir.
Power Enerji̇ Güneş Enerjisi Elektrik Üretimi www.powerenerji.comPower Enerji
solar enerji, power enerji, güneş paneli, güneş enerjisi elektrik üretimi, güneş paneli, güneş paneli fiyatları, güneş enerjili sulama sistemleri, çatı üzeri güneş enerji sistemleri
Güneş Enerjisinden Elektrik Üretim ve Yatırım RehberiENERJİ 24
Güneş enerjisinden elektrik üretimi yaparak kendi ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak yada ticari amaç için gelir elde etmek isteyenlerin rehber ola bilecek Dosya
Güneş enerjisinden elektrik üretimi, güneş panelleri, elektrik üretimi, yenilenebilir enerji, enerji kaynakları, elektrik faturası, işletme karlarını artırma, işletme büyütme, yeni yatırımlar
Enerji Akıl ile buluşuyor / Eylül 2013 - Energy meet Intelligence / Sep. 2013Gökhan Yanmaz
Enerji son yüz yıl içinde ciddi değişikliklerden geçti ve yeni çözümlere gerek duymaktadır. Akıllı Şebekeler bu değişimlere uyum sağlamak ve ileriye taşımak için en doğru seçenekleri sunmaktadır.
---------------------------
The Energy world is facing serious changes within the last sentury and needs more specific solutions. Smart Grid solutions ables those, adapte to new events and development and gives the operators / users the best options to choose.
Sirkülasyon Pompalarında Enerji Verimliliğinin İncelenmesialarkocarrier
En önemli enerji kaynağı olan petrol ve kömür gibi fosil yakıtların hızla tükenmesi, enerji üretim ve tüketim süreçlerinde ortaya çıkan sera gazı emisyonlarının küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliklerine sebep olması, Türkiye’de kullanılan enerjinin %70’inin yurtdışından döviz ödeyerek satın alınması, ev ve ulaşımda tüketilen enerjinin bireysel bütçeyi ciddi anlamda etkilemesi, enerji verimliliğine karşı duyarlılık oluşturmuştur. Enerji verimliliği, binalarda yaşam standardı ve hizmet kalitesini düşürmeden, endüstriyel işlemlerde üretim kalitesi ve miktarının düşüşüne yol açmadan enerji tüketiminin azaltılması anlamına gelir.
Similar to GES İl Özel İdare Yatırımcı Sunumu (20)
Sirkülasyon Pompalarında Enerji Verimliliğinin İncelenmesi
GES İl Özel İdare Yatırımcı Sunumu
1. HOŞGELDİNİZ
Mehmet DİŞCİGİL
Elektrik-Elektronik Yük. Müh.
İTÜ
2. • MÜHENDİSLİK
YENİLENEBİLİR • PROJE
ENERJİ SİSTEMLERİ • EĞİTİM
• DANIŞMANLIK
ÇÖZÜM ORTAKLIĞI:
• PERMAK
• IBC SOLAR
• CLEANGLOBE
• FORM SOLAR
• ETSOLAR ..VB
3.
4. Güneş Enerjisi Santralleri (GES),
yarı iletken malzemelerden üretilen panellerle, güneş
ışığını doğrudan elektriğe çeviren sistemlerdir.
Şu anda Mecliste onaylanmayı bekleyen Yenilenebilir
Enerji Yasasına (YEK) göre 500kW ve üstü kurulu
gücü olan GES’ler, ürettikleri elektriğin %100’ünü
şebekeye satmaları için, EPDK’ dan, üretim lisansı
almak zorundadırlar.
güneş santrali (GES)nedir?
5. sabit ayak uygulamasına sahip GES’ler
güneye eğimli ve
20-40 derece açılı sistemlerdir.
PV güneş santrali tipleri (kuruluma göre)
6. güneş takip sistemlerine
(Tracker) sahip GES’ler
tek eksen&çift eksen
ekstra alan ihtiyacı
bakım ve servis ihtiyaçları vardır
%15-35 arası verim artışı
200-800 EUR/kWatt ek yatırım
pv güneş santrali tipleri (kuruluma göre)
7. silikon bazlı paneller
sıcaklık faktörü vardır: sıcaklık artışına
bağlı olarak yazın %25’e varan verim
kaybı
üretici çeşitliliği vardır.
%13-16 verimlilik (küçük alan kaplarlar)
Kurulumlarda minimum alan ihtiyacı
gösterirler
Değişken ve yüksek fiyatlı paneller
25 yıl performans garantisi
Dünyada GES santrallerinin %70’i kristal
güneş panellerinden oluşmaktadır.
Panel çeşitleri: monokristal veya polikristal güneş panelleri
8. % 8-11 verimlilik, geniş alan kaplarlar
sıcaklığa karşı daha az duyarlı
yazın max verim kaybı %12
Toza ve gölgelemeye karşı aşırı duyarlıdır.
sabit düşen fiyat eğilimi vardır.
25 yıl performans garantisi
Dünyada GES santrallerinin yaklaşık %30’u ince
film güneş panellerinden oluşmaktadır.
ince film güneş panelleri
9. Muğla‘ lı iş adamı Ali Güneş basında
çıkan haberlerden etkilenerek Ege
Bölgesi sınırlarında 1MW güneş santrali
yatırımı için araştırma yapmaya karar
verir.
Basitçe 10 adımda 1 MW güneş enerjisi santrali nasıl kurulur ?
10. Ali Bey, kara kara düşünmeye başlar:
Acaba mevcut teşvikler nelerdir?
mevcut araziler ve büyüklükleri ne olmalıdır ?
ilk yatırım maliyeti ne kadardır?
Türkiye ve dünya örnekleri nelerdir?
finans imkanları ne ölçüdedir?
Ayrıca, güneş sektöründeki şirketleri bulması
gerekmektedir………
Ali Güneş birçok toplantıdan sonra uzun yıllar
sektörde hizmet vermekte olan bir
DANIŞMANLIK MÜHENDİSLİK firması ile
çalışmaya karar verir..
(1) karar aşaması
11. 3-5 derece eğimli,
güneye cepheli,
orta gerilim hattı-trafosuna yakın,
lojistik kolaylığı olan,
su kaynaklarına yakın
uygun bir saha araştırmaya başlar…
(2) saha araştırması - güneş simsarları ile ilk temas
12. Saha keşfinde ayrıca,
nem - sis - sıcaklık - rüzgar
zemin etüdü / trafo detayları
alan m2 ölçümü / tapu araştırmaları
yerel halk teması / lojistik fizibilite /
güvenlik faktörleri de etkili olmaktadır.
(3) saha keşfi
13. Ali bey önce kendi başına GEPA
haritasına bakarak bölgesinde mevcut
arazilerin nerelerde olduğunu ve ne
kadar verimli olduğunu tespit etmeye
çalışır.
(4) simülasyon-GEPA
14. Karşılaştığı bir Avrupa Birliği projesi
çalışmasında da, 1kW kurulu gücündeki
bir sistemin %25 kayıp ile Türkiye'nin
farklı bölgelerinde ne kadar elektrik
ürettiği gösterilmektedir. Kafası iyice
karışmıştır...
(4) simülasyon-ne kadar güneş o kadar elektrik?
15. Bu aşamada DANIŞMAN MÜHENDİSLİK
firması devreye girer ve iki çözüm birden
önerir:
1.) Lisans başvurusu sırasında gerekli olan
farklı verilerle yapılan simülasyon
2.) Sahada 2kW’lık mini santral kurulumu
yapılması, böylelikle AC-santral
simülasyonu ve GSM veri aktarımı
ile Gerçek saha değerlerinin elde edilmesi
sağlanmaktadır.
(4) simülasyon- teori ve pratik bir arada
16. Lisans başvurusu için,
%3 teminat mektubu(3.000.000 EUR/MW)
~ 90.000 EUR
%2 banka kredi masrafları
~ 60.000 EUR
Şirket kurma, lisans bedeli ve ek masraflar
~ 15.000 EUR
Danışmanlık hizmetleri
~ 20-50.000 EUR
Arazi satınalma (opsiyonel- arazi
kiralanılabilir de)~ 350-500 EUR/ dönüm
(5) ön finans ihtiyacı -lisans başvurusu
17. 1MW GES
Monokristal veya Polikristal günes paneli
“kompakt” tasarım
15 dönüm/MW
(6) Panel seçimi için: karşılaştırma – kristal/kompakt tasarım
18. 1MW
Monokristal veya Polikristal günes paneli
“rahat” tasarım
20 dönüm/MW
(6) karşılaştırma – kristal/rahat
19. 1MW
ince film günes paneli
“kompakt” tasarım
21 dönüm/MW
(6) karşılaştırma – ince film/kompakt
20. 1MW
ince film günes paneli
“rahat” tasarım
28 dönüm/MW
(6) karşılaştırma – ince film/rahat
21. TBMM onaylanması beklenen Yenilenebilir
Enerji Kanununa göre devletin alım
garantili fiyatı:
25 Eurocent /kWh – ilk 10 yıl
20 Eurocent /kWh – sonraki 10 yıl
GES toplam maliyet: 3.000.000 EUR/MW
Finansman giderleri: yıllık faiz: %6-8
Sistemin %1 yıllık verim kaybı
bakım masrafı /yıl: ilk yatırımın %0,5 ’i
Karbon Sertifika Geliri ~7 €/ton (CO2
emisyonu)
Sıcaklığa bağlı sistem verim kaybı ort: %25
Arazi ihtiyacı: ~15-20 dönüm
yıllık ortalama el. üretim: ~1. 500MWh/yıl
Yatırım geri dönüşüm süresi: 7-8yıl
(6) finansal ve teknik analiz
22. tasarım verileri ve alan ihtiyacı göz önünde
bulundurularak,
ince film veya kristal panel seçilir.
sabit ayak veya güneş takip sistemi karar verilir.
Seçilen sisteme göre fiyatlandırma yapılır.
kredilendirilebilir marka seçimi önemlidir.
Çünkü yatırımda risk faktörü arttıkça finansman faizi
yükselmektedir
(7) teknik tasarım-güneş paneli seçimi
23. Güneş modüllerinin ürettiği Doğru akımı
(DC), alternatif akıma (AC) çevirerek
şebekeye vermek için İnverter grupları
kullanılır
Modüler tasarımda, en çok arızalanan
ekipman invertörlerdir.
10kW ve katlarında güçlere sahip,
trafolu veya trafosuz çalışabilen,
yerel teknik destek alabileceğimiz,
Yüksek verimlilikli,
Uygun fiyatlı invertörler seçilmelidir.
(7) teknik tasarım-inverter seçimi
24. Alt Montaj Çerçevesi
galvaniz çelik,
Alüminyum veya
kompozit malzemeden yapılabilir.
(7) teknik tasarım-ayak sistemi
25. verim kayıpları
doğa koşullarına dayanıklılık
uluslararası normlar göz önünde
bulundurularak
kablo,sigorta ve konnektör ekipman
seçimi yapılmalıdır.
(7) teknik tasarım-kablo/sigorta/konnektör seçimi
26. saha düzleme
inverter kabin yerlerinin hazırlanması
ayakların temel çalışmaları
lojistik depo ve güvenlik
çit/güvenlik gibi saha geliştirme
çalışmaları yapılmalıdır.
(8) saha geliştirme çalışmaları + satınalma/lojistik
27. Montaj ve işletmeye alma, Sertifikasyon
ve referansları yeterli, mekanik ve
elektrik konularında tecrübeli,
profesyonel bir montaj ekibi tarafından
yapılmalıdır.
Ali Güneş bazı Türkiye uygulamalarını
gördüğünde işin ehli tarafından
yapılmayan temiz enerji sistem
montajının ne kadar büyük bir felaketle
sonuçlanabileceğinin farkına varmıştır.
(9) montaj ve işletmeye alma
31. Özetleyecek olursak,
Ali Güneş Ege bölgesinde bulduğu
araziye güneş enerjisi santrali kurmaya
karar verdikten sonra:
Fizibilite ve saha geliştirme çalışmaları
için 3 ay, lisans başvuruları için 1 ay
harcamıştır. Lisansını aldıktan sonra (şu
anda belirsiz bir süre!) ve finansal tüm
süreci sonlandırdıktan sonra 1MW
santralin montajı ve işletmeye alma
süresi sadece 4 hafta sürmüştür.
Artık en az 25 yıl boyunca minimum
işletme masrafıyla elektrik üretmeye
başlayacaktır.
mutlu son...
44. Satış Şartları:
• Fiyatlar: Euro (€) cinsinden verilmiştir. KDV hariçtir.
• Teslim Yeri/ Süre : Muğla Şantiye teslimidir. Siparişi takiben 6
ayda komple teslim edilir.
• Ödeme: Anlaşma şartlarına göre %30 siparişte, %70 bakiye mal
tesliminde peşin.
• Sipariş: Ödeme şartlarının belirlendiği her iki tarafın yetkililerinin
imzaladığı bir kesin sipariş anlaşması ile.
• Garanti: Fabrikasyon hatalarına karşı, 2 yıl. (Paneller 5,
Performans 25 yıl.)
• Montaj / Supervisor: Kurulum, kontrol, test ve devreye alma
çalışmalarını içerir. Şebekeye bağlantı kapsam dışıdır.
