1. VMUG
Colin Pattinson - BCS Green SG
c.pattinson@leedsmet.ac.uk
tti @l d t k
Date: 11 October 2011

2. Green IT Policies,
IT, Policies
Procedures and Quick wins

3. Agenda
• Why?
• The IT lifecycle
• The numbers
• Effi i
Efficiency of IT
f
• Efficiency by IT
y y
• Recycle, reuse, dispose
• The future

4. Why do it
• [In alphabetical order]
1. Compliance with legislation
– Carbon reduction commitment
– Compulsory carbon trading
2. Corporate social responsibility
- Consumer (and employee) pressure
– People and planet
3. Cost saving
g
- energy = money
- Energy saving = money saving

5. P1 => current trends but not new initiatives

6. UK Government policy developments
– Setting the UK Low Carbon Economy
– E i i reductions of 36% b 2020 and 80% b 2050 (
Emission d ti f by d by (against 1990
i t
levels)
– Government IT policies impacting Green IT
• MTPROG – stimulating/driving UK industry change
• Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC)
• Carbon measurement – PAS 2050/2060
• Off setting and Neutrality – PAS 2060
Off-setting
• Disposal (batteries, WEEE...)
– International initiatives
• D
Data C
Centre C C (l
CoC (launched D 2008)
h d Dec
• EPEAT/Energy Star (built into Quick Wins)
• Eco Labelling – out for consultation
• EC EuP (Energy Using Products)
– PCs/Laptops – EU Stakeholder Forum Oct – mandate Energy Star(2011)
– Printers – voluntary agreement
– Standby power devices – max 1w by 2011, 0.5w by 2012

7. Carbon Reduction Commitment
• Cap and trade scheme started April 2010, covering some 20 000 large UK
scheme, 2010 20,000
orgs, responsible for 10% of UK emissions
• Includes those orgs with total energy consumption of 6,000Mw-h or more pa,
during
d i 2008
• Excludes those already in E
• TR or CCA schemes
• Aim to change behaviours and infrastructure by incentivising reductions in
energy use
• Annual purchase of allowances to match emissions
• Performance League table based on measured reduction
• Rewards f improvements
for
See : http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/news/pn112/pn112.aspx
And link for Environment Agency who are administering the scheme
http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/111597.aspx
7

8. Why do anything ?
anything..?
• Climate Change => warming, disasters (fires and floods), loss of
g g, ( ),
biodiversity, less to go round more
• Population growth, 2000 to 2030 of 2.2billion, of which 2.0billion likely to be
located in cities (W ld U b i ti P t Th 2001 Revision))
(World Urbanization Prospects: The R i i
• Rising consumption, 5 billion people consume 20% and 1 billion consume
80% (Ericsson)
• Resource depletion, 2.5 planets for all to have US/EU living standards
=> rising energy, food and resource costs and the recession
=> “we have to do more with less”
> energy
> resources
> emissions

9. Reality of Climate Change
© Crown copyright Met Office

10. Model projection
Observations
© Crown copyright Met Office

11. Some anecdotes
• The usage of the Thames Barrier has
increased from once every two years in the
1980s to
1980 t an average of six ti
f i times a year over
the past five years
• Ocean pH has risen by 30% since 1900
• The world currently burns some 1,000
barrels of oil a second (BBC)
An Inefficient truth – GAP (Dec 2007)

12. Some perspectives on IT...
Globally
– ICT Manufacture use and disposal accounts for 2%+ of global CO2 emissions
Manufacture,
- Equal to the aviation industry
– Man-made CO2 emissions add up to around 49 billion tonnes pa
- 1 billi + tonnes from ICT.
billion t f ICT
– Data storage capacity growing by ~ 40% annually
- In 2010, we passed the zettabyte mark for stored data
– Worldwide data centres + comms predicted to consume ~ 2000bn kW-h by 2020
• In UK
– 10 million office PCs, nearly 50% of adult population use PCs at work
, y p p
- expected to grow to 70% by 2020
– IT consumes 15% of office power rising to 30% by 2020
- Expect 45% of Domestic Power to be used for home IT and CE products by 2020
- In total ICT power consumption already represents 10% of total UK energy
consumption
– or 4 Nuclear Power stations!
References : (Berkeley National Labs + Global Action Plan + IPCC + Energy Saving trust + Carbon Trust)

13. Some comparisons
• A computer left on 24/7 will cost about £37 a year
year,
whereas by switching off at night and weekends,
the charge can be reduced to about £10 a year -
and save an equivalent amount of energy to make
some 34 900 cups of coffee
34,900
• Lighting an office overnight uses enough energy to
heat water for 1,000 cups of tea
Carbon Trust

14. Order of magnitudes?
• A typical window left open overnight in winter will
waste enough energy to drive a small car for more
than 35 miles
• A PC monitor switched off overnight saves enough
energy to microwave six dinners
• Turning off all non essential equipment in an office
for one night will save enough energy to run a
small car f 100 miles
ll for il
• Monitors account for almost two-thirds of a
computer's energy use
Www.Computing.co.uk/greencomputing

15. Printing
• The average British office worker prints 22 pages
every working day
–behavioural research suggests that 44% of this is
easily avoidable
• Over 21% of prints are disposed of before the end
of the day
day.
• Takes 10 pints of water to make A4 sheet from
virgin pulp
i i l

16. Servers
• A medium sized server has roughly the same
medium-sized
annual carbon footprint as an SUV vehicle doing
15 miles per gallon
gallon.
• The power required for a rack of high density
server blades can be 10-15 times greater than a
traditional server.
–And we “need” to cool it with air con units
consuming perhaps half as much power again
An Inefficient truth – GAP (Dec 2007)

17. The IT system life cycle
• Environmental impacts during:
–manufacture
–use
–disposal
di l
- Embedded carbon; hazchem content;
; ;
• Identifying choices which enhance sustainability

18. Managing the lifecycle
Consumption
‐Power
Power
‐Consumables
Power ‐Support/repair
Support/repair
NGOs
NGO
Transport Charities
Materials Silver surfersRecycle
Silver surfers
Packaging
Operating
Production IT device
IT device Re‐use Disposal
Components Reclaim
Waste
Heat
RoHS WEEE
Reg Air Conditioning
Ai C diti i Equipment
Equipment regs
cooling

19. Manufacture/distribution
• Sourcing of materials
– beware location/ transport costs
• Building products
– build to re-use/ re-cycle/ upgrade – a longer life
• Energy efficient processes
• Move from commodity to service revenue streams, can optimise use of
assets
• Marketing
– eco-labelling, green washing, credibility
• Delivering
– transport, packaging, installation

20. So h t ?
S what...?
• The manufacturing process for computers is very resource
intensive.
manufacture of one PC requires 1 7 tonnes of raw
1.7
materials and water, consumes over ten times the
computer’s weight in fossil fuels.
p g
c25% of PC fossil fuel consumption has already happened
before the computer is even switched on for the first time.
GAP – Inefficient Truth

21. But : EC Lifecycle for desktop PC
Review of research by the European Commission
PC Processor 767 kg CO2e
Materials - 117
Manufacturing - 21
Distribution - 28
Use - 596
Disposal - 5

22. EC Lifecycle for Laptop
Laptop t t l
L t total 353 k CO2 – 50% of PC
kg CO2e f
Materials - 71
Manufacturing - 9
Distribution - 10
Use - 258
Disposal -2

23. Procurement
• Don’t sweat the asset (compare footprints for
Don t
build/use/disposal of IT assets)
• Adopt latest and most stretching standards (EPEAT, Energy
star 5, Quick Wins..)
• Seek
– Consolidation of Functions
– Device consolidation
– Device sharing
– Services not assets => dematerialise!
• Make the case to invest for Green

24. EPEAT?
• Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT)
• Standard rating (ANSI/IEEE) – Gold, Silver, Bronze
• Covers
– Toxic reductions
– Recycled content
– Energy efficiency (Energy Star rating)
– D rabilit
Durability
– Lifecycle extension
– End-of-life management
– Corporate responsibility
– Packaging
• Provides an environmental benefits calculator for quantifying benefits
q y g
• 615 products registered
• Procurements have saved enough power for 1.2million US homes
See www.epeat.net

25. Understanding the numbers
• Measurements and quoted “efficiency returns”
efficiency returns
• Don’t accept the plated numbers
– See BCS Green IT SG fact sheet on measuring
• Not much independent data
– No single agreed measurement standards
• Many “carbon calculator spreadsheets
carbon calculator”
– Check the assumptions

26. PUE and DCiE
• Measures of data centre efficiency
• Power Usage Effectiveness =
Total Facility power use
Power delivered to computing equipment
• Data Centre Infrastructure Efficiency =
Power delivered to computing equipment
Total Facility power use
• PUE values below 1.2 seen as “good”
• Many current PUE ~ 2 0
2.0
• Relative measures of performance

27. Green data centres – reality or
myth? The Facebook illustration
• 500m users
– “Although it will include some of the world's most energy-efficient computers,
the sheer scale … will almost certainly use more electricity than many
developing countries”
• New data centre being built in Portland
– Energy efficient systems
– Uses local climate to minimise a/c need
• But
Its chosen energy supplier uses coal for 67% of its generation;
< 12% f from renewables
bl
• However,
– “Earlier this year Greenpeace admitted that many of its own web hosting
operations are also h
i l housed i d
d in data centres powered primarily b coal and
d i il by l d
nuclear power”
– See also http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/planet-2/report/2010/3/make-it-green-cloud-
computing.pdf (1MB pdf, in colour!)
Source: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/sep/01/facebook-renewable-energy-coal

28. Efficient IT
• Quick wins
• Practical actions

29. Quick Wins
Wins..
• The UK Government aims to be amongst the EU leaders in sustainable
procurement.
• As part of this commitment Defra have, since 2003, developed and
published green government procurement specifications known as
“Quick Wins”.
• These Qu c Wins spec cat o s aim to set a p e de ed level o
ese Quick s specifications a pre-defined e e of
environmental performance for a range of “high priority” products
purchased by central Government departments.
•I f
Information C
ti Communication T h l
i ti Technology (ICT) products f ll i t thi
d t fall into this
“high priority” classification as they account for a large amount of spend
and result in a range of environmental impacts which have the potential
to be reduced.
See : http://online ogcbuyingsolutions gov uk
http://online.ogcbuyingsolutions.gov.uk

30. Putting its own house in order..
• UK public sector is largest spender on ICT – c £14b
• Challenge of Sustainability targets for UK Government
Estate and Operations (SOGE)
12.5% carbon reduction by 2011, and carbon neutrality by 2012
Highly critical Sus Dev Commission report in 2007 on depts progress
• Environmental Audit Committee
In review of D
I i f Departmental SOGE returns for 2007, EAC stated
t t l t f 2007 t t d
“the increased use of IT would appear to be the biggest single factor in the
upward trend in emissions from civil departments”
(http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmenvaud/529/529.pdf )

31. UK Departments response..
Departments’
Appointed a lead CIO
=> Set up a cross-department Green Development Unit to form and take forward a UK
Government Green ICT strategy as part of the Government ICT Strategy
=> Get procurement right
– Procurement criteria – “IT Quick Wins” – part of Government Buying Standards
=> Focus on energy and operational efficiency measures
• Operational Efficiency Programme
• Public Value Programme
• Climate Change Plan
ICT enables Efficiency => Energy => Emission savings
y gy g
• The full ICT strategy can be found at
http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/cio/ict.aspx and at www.civilservice.gov.uk/it.
• A revised version of the Open source, Open standards, Reuse p
p , p , policy has also
y
been published and can be found at
http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/media/318020/open_source.pdf

32. HMG Strategy :
gy
List of Practical Actions
• PCs & Laptops
– Remove active screensavers
– Switch monitors to standby
Shut down PCs after office hours
– Enable active power management on desktops
p g p
- (standby / hibernate after a defined period of inactivity)
• Ensure re-use of equipment that is no longer required but is still
q p g q
serviceable
• Specify low-power consumption CPUs and high-efficiency Power
Supply U it (80% conversion or b tt )
S l Units i better)
• Apply Thin Client technology

33. HMG Strategy : List of Practical Actions
• Other office ICT Equipment
– Apply timer switches to non-networked technology and
printers
– Set default green printing including duplex and grey
scale
• Optimise power-saving sleep mode on printers
• Printer consolidation
• Device consolidation

34. HMG Strategy : List of Practical Actions
• Data Centres
– Server Optimisation
- Storage virtualisation & capacity management
- Convert existing physical servers to “virtual servers”
- Turn off servers outside their service level agreement,
- Create “virtual servers” instead of procuring physical new servers
virtual servers servers.
- Implement a multi-tiered storage solution
• Reduce cooling in the data centre
g
• Remove unused capacity (servers and data disks)
• Specify power conversion-efficient Power Supply Units
• Ensure re-use of equipment
• Data centre audit

35. Efficient IT to efficiency by IT
• Efforts to address the power take of IT
– Power management
– Virtualisation
– Cloud??
- See “is the cloud really green”, coming soon..
• Need to use IT to make a difference elsewhere
– The other 90%
- Or 85%, or 70%, or 55% …

36. Why Print?
• Meetings
– laptop, OneNote, handling many windows
– projectors to share material get better switching
material,
• Document prep / Reading
– different presentation modes
– add notes, set up tasks on screen
• Team working
– Sharepoint sites
• Personal quotas?

37. Why so many face to face meetings...?
• Equipment
– Speakerphones, line connections which work
– Data points, WIFI
• Portable IP v/conferencing devices
– HSBC has installed desktop video conferencing units & reduced air
travel by 25%;
• Alt
Alternatives
ti
– Webinars
–T l
Teleconferences
f
– Sharepoint / Web discussion groups

38. Why still come to the office ?
office...?
• Common responses:
– “My manager expects me to be in the office”
– Meetings are organised without taking on board flexible working
g g g g
patterns
– Do not trust home access services, Broadband, 3G etc
–H
Home space i
issues
• Benefits
– Save commuting time
– Save office space
• Change the culture, you now have the choice!
culture

39. End of life equipment
• Reuse recycle disposal
Reuse, recycle,

40. Recycling and Disposal
y g p
• Re-use a source of
Raw and Equipment significant cost savings
Component Waste (up to 90% cheaper to
processed Manufacture use Re-use
separation disposal
materials refurbish than to make
(
(landfill)
)
a new purchase)
• Disposal of working
Schools, equipment after refresh
charities
exercise can generate
Upgrades or sale
revenue
and
refills Cost saving • Separate components
and revenue
before crushing, can be
generation
opportunities
pp worth a lot e.g.
£1,800/tonne for RAM
Materials
separation • Waste disposal
suppliers should be
ISO 14001 accredited
to ensure compliance
Revenue with relevant legislation
generation
opportunity
Source: SCC; EU; Defra; Eric Williams et al (UN University, Tokyo); NAO; team analysis 40

41. FRONTLINE/World Ghana: Digital Dumping Ground | PBS
g p g
http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/ghana804/slideshow/slideshow.html
41

42. FRONTLINE/World Ghana: Digital Dumping Ground | PBS
http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/ghana804/slideshow/slideshow.html
42

43. What to do….
do
• As an individual
– Switch it off
– Think before travelling
– Ask do I need to print?
• As an organisation
– Efficiencies=> less energy => less carbon
– Exploit ICT for carbon efficiency
– Encourage employee engagement
– Appoint 'green IT champions‘
– Manage assets and estates for energy efficiency
• Thi i f th l
This is for the longer t
term...
• Set policies for the future through the Green Lens ...

44. And what your BCS/CITP is doing...
• Green Specialist Group
– 1300+ members and growing
– Briefings
– NewsShoots
– Education
- Foundation Certificate
- Intermediate Certificate
- Professional Graduate Diploma
- A Green IT book
44

45. 45

46. And more
more...
Data Centre SG
– 2,000 members
– Leading players for Code of Conduct
– Data centre modelling tool
– Data Centre Foundation Certificate
• To join a Specialist Group check -
http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=nav.5815
46

47. Conclusions
• The future of green IT
• Green IT as a career path
– Answer the questions
– Make a difference
– Lead the debate
• Within the organisation
– Green IT specialist
• Consultancy

48. Some more web sites
sites...
• Quick wins
• The Defra Sustainable Development website:
• http://www.sustainable-development.gov.uk/what/priority/consumption-production/quickWins/index/htm
• The OGC Buying Solutions website:
• htt // li
http://online.ogcbuyingsolutions.gov.uk/bcm/sustainablesolutions/quickwins
b i l ti k/b / t i bl l ti / i k i
• Gov strategy
• http://www.cio.gov.uk/greening_government_ict/index.asp
• General green stuff
• Carbon Trust, http://www.carbontrust.co.uk
• Energy Star, http://www.energystar.gov a sub-set of http://www.epeat.net/
• Computing, Www.Computing.co.uk/greencomputing
• Energy Saving Trust, www.energysavingtrust.org.uk
• NetRegs, www.netregs.gov.uk#
• Intellect, http://www.intellectuk.org/
• BCS Green IT Specialist Group
• http://www.bcs.org/
• http://bcs-green-it.wikispaces.com/