2. History
Optogenetics is the integration of optics and
genetics to achieve gain of previous loss of function
of events within cells of living tissue
Optogenetics was first invented in 2006 at Standford
by Karl Deisseroth, MD
3. How it works
Use channel rhodopsin gene to excited the nerve
when light hits the nerve
Use halo rhodopsin gene to inhibited the nerve when
light hits the nerve
4.
5. Six Steps of Optogenetics
Create a genetic construct
Insert construct into virus
Inject virus into
Insert optrode fiberoptic cable plus electrode
Laser light opens ion channel in neurons
Record behavioral results
6. Pros
Optogenetics is less invasive than electrical
stimulation
Response time is faster than other treatments
Activate or stop certain groups of neurons in the
circuits with a precise electrophysiology
9. Cons
Limitations include the introducing a foreign gene
into the human brain
Fiber optics could pose the threat of infection and
being uncomfortable and having to carry heavy
batteries
Cost
Reports of depression and causing falls
11. Discussion questions
What other conditions could optogenetics help?
How could it made safer to humans?
How could less foreign (ie) human genes be used in
optogenetics?
How could it be run without batteries?
