This document presents a group project on developing a bioartificial pancreas. It provides an overview of their presentation, which includes the objective to design an appropriate model of an artificial pancreas that applies both mathematical and scientific knowledge. It discusses the normal functioning of the pancreas and the need for an artificial pancreas for diabetics. It also reviews previous studies on islet cell transplantations and developing a semi-permeable membrane model using diffusion equations. The conclusion is that a bioartificial pancreas can be designed using the concept of a semi-permeable membrane surrounding the islets of Langerhans and applying Fick's Second Law of Diffusion.

1. Bioartificial Pancreas
Group C: Robert Balcorta, Joshua Chang,
Gabriel Bernard Grajeda, Nicholli Lay
BIEN 10: Biomedical Engineering Systems and Devices
Presentation
Monday October 25, 2010
BIEN 10: Intro to Bioengineering
Professor: G. J. Rodgers
Section 21: Monday 8-11
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2. Overview of Presentation
 Objective
 Background
◦ Normal functioning Pancreas
◦ Function and Need for Artificial Pancreas
 Development of a Model
◦ Previous Studies; Knowledge Background
 Mathematics Involved with Artificial Pancreas
 Conclusion
 References
 Questions, Comments, Concerns, Accusations
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3. Objective
 Design an appropriate model
 Understand and be able to apply both the
mathematical and scientific knowledge
needed
 Find the cost of development
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4. Normal Functioning Pancreas
 Exocrine Gland Organ
 Endocrine Gland Organ
◦ Islets of Langerhans
◦ Secretes several key Hormones
 Insulin
 Glucagon
 Somatostatin
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5. Function of Device
 Same Function as Normal Pancreas
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6. Need of Device
 Target Population
◦ Diabetics
 Type 1
 Benefits of this device to Population
◦ Removes the need to constantly check blood
glucose levels
◦ Removes the need to inject Insulin
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7. Development of Model, Previous
Studies
 Islet of Langerhans Transplantations
◦ Immunosuppressive Drugs
◦ Shortage of Donors
 Solutions
◦ Cell Therapy
◦ Insulin-releasing cells derived from embryonic
stem cells or IPS (induced pluripotent)
 In relation to the shortage of Donors
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8. Developing a Model, Previous
Studies
 Semi-permeable membrane
◦ Surrounds Islet of Langerhans
◦ Functions through Diffusion
◦ Help stop attacks by immunocompetent cells
 Immune system rejection
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9. Mathematics Involved with Model
 Fick’s Second Law of Diffusion
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𝜕∅
𝜕𝑡
=𝐷
𝜕2∅
𝜕𝑥2
𝜕∅
𝜕𝑡
= 𝐷𝛻2∅
∅ − 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
t – time
D – diffusion coefficient
x – position
𝛻 − 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑒)

10. Previous Models
 Microcapsule (a)
 Diffusion
Chamber (b)
 Hollow Fiber (c)
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c&_acct=C000059604&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4427&md5=1e6b8a012e
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11. Conclusion
 Using the concept of a Semi-Permeable
Membrane surrounding the functional
units of the Pancreas, the Islets of
Langerhans, Cellular Engineers, with
respect to Fick’s Second Law of Diffusion
– regarding both a constant and non-
constant diffusion coefficient – would be
able to design a bioartificial pancreas.
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12. References
 Carlson, Bruce M. (2004). Human embryology and developmental biology. St.
Louis: Mosby.
 BRS physiology 4th edition, Linda S. Constanzo, Lippincott publishing
 Brissova M, Fowler MJ, Nicholson WE, Chu A, Hirshberg B, Harlan DM, Powers
AC (2005). "Assessment of human pancreatic islet architecture and
composition by laser scanning confocal microscopy". Journal of Histochemistry
and Cytochemistry 53 (9).
 Ichii H, Inverardi L, Pileggi A, Molano RD, Cabrera O, Caicedo A, Messinger S,
Kuroda Y, Berggren PO, Ricordi C (2005). "A novel method for the assessment
of cellular composition and beta-cell viability in human islet preparations".
American Journal of Transplantation 5 (7)
 http://ucelinks.cdlib.org:8888/sfx_local?&url_ver=Z39.88-
2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx
:journal&rft.atitle=Bioartificial%20pancreas%20Microencapsulation%20and%2
0conformal%20coating%20of%20islet%20of%20Langerhans&rft.auinit=Y&rft.
aulast=Teramura&rft.date=2010&rft.epage=840&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=01
69-409X&rft.issue=7-
8&rft.spage=827&rft.stitle=ADV%20DRUG%20DELIVER%20REV&rft.title=ADV
ANCED%20DRUG%20DELIVERY%20REVIEWS&rft.volume=62&rfr_id=info:sid/
www.isinet.com:WoK:WOS&rft.au=Iwata%2C%20H&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%
2Fj.addr.2010.01.005
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13. References
 A. Fick, Poggendorff's Annel. Physik. (1855)
 D. Brogioli and A. Vailati, Diffusive mass transfer
by nonequilibrium fluctuations: Fick's law
revisited, Phys. Rev. E 63, 012105/1-4 (2001)
 W.F. Smith, Foundations of Materials Science and
Engineering 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill (2004)
 H.C. Berg, Random Walks in Biology, Princeton
(1977)
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14. Questions? Comments?
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