🔥 Types of Fire Extinguishers - Awareness Presentation 🔥
🚨 For Awareness Purposes Only 🚨
🔍 Exploring the diverse world of fire extinguishers to empower you with safety knowledge. Check out the key types and their unique features:
1. Water Fire Extinguisher:
  - Filled with water and pressurized with CO2.
  - Effective on Class A fires.
  - Cools the fire below ignition temperature.
  - Solid drawn steel construction, internally Zinc coated.
  - Force lasts 2 minutes, reaching up to 40 ft.
2. Dry Chemical Powder Fire Extinguisher:
  - Sodium bicarbonate powder in outer container.
  - Suitable for all Classes of fires.
  - Force lasts 2 minutes, reaching 10-15 ft.
3. Foam Fire Extinguisher:
  - Contains foam compound mixed with water.
  - Used on Class A and B fires.
  - Force lasts 2.5 minutes, reaching 20 ft.
4. CO2 Fire Extinguisher:
  - CO2 stored in liquid form under pressure.
  - Ideal for Classes A, B, C, and electrical fires.
  - Force lasts 15 seconds, not suitable for distant fires.
5. Wet Chemical Fire Extinguisher:
  - Utilizes Potassium to create a soapy layer on fire.
  - Effective on Class F fires.
  - Can reach up to 15 ft.
6. Water Mist Fire Extinguisher:
  - Discharges deionized water forming a fine mist.
  - Suitable for Classes A, B, C, and electrical fires.
  - Can reach 15 meters.
7. Lithium Ion Fire Extinguisher:
  - Uses Aqueous Vermiculite Dispersion (AVD).
  - Cools the fire source and encapsulates the fuel source.
  - Twice as effective as water on Class A fires.
8. Class D Fire Extinguisher:
  - Various agents for different metal fires.
  - Sodium chloride, copper-based, graphite-based, sodium carbonate-based.
  - Effective on alkali metals, lithium, and more.
2. WATER FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Filled by water up to the mark
inside, then pressurized with CO2.
5
Handle
Water
Syphon
Tube
CO2
cartridge
Hose
Pressure
Gauge
Safety pin
Used on Class A fire
Made up of Solid drawn steel and
internally Zinc coated
Cools the fire to below ignition
temperature.
Force will last 2 minutes and
can reach 40 ft distance.
Pressure is stored in gas cartridges
inside the cylinder
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3. DRY CHEMICAL POWDER FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Used on all Classes of fires.
Force will last for 2 minutes and can
reach 10-15 ft distance.
Dry powder extinguisher contains
sodium bicarbonate powder in the
outer container.
A small container with carbon dioxide
is placed beneath the plunger
mechanism.
When the plunger is pushed, it releases
the CO2 gas, which in turn forces the
dry powder out of the discharge
nozzle.
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4. FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHER
The construction of this type of
extinguisher is the same as that of
C02 Gas expelled type of water type
extinguisher.
Instead of water, it contains foam
compound mixed in water in the ratio
mentioned by the supplier
Force will last for 2.5 minutes and
can reach 20 ft distance.
Used on Class A and B fires.
Composition:
Aqueous Film Forming Foam= 97%
Water=3%
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5. CO2 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Used on Classes A, B, C fires. Ideal for
electrical fires.
Force lasts for 15 seconds only and
not suitable for distant fires.
CO2 is stored in liquid form under
pressure. A central tube acts as an
outlet for carbon dioxide gas.
A plunger attached to a burning disc at
one end and a trigger at the other is
used to release carbon dioxide gas.
The liquid changes to gas as it comes
out of the extinguisher through a hose.
CO2
Vapour
High
Pressure
Cylinder
CO2 Liquid
Dip Tube
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6. WET CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHER
The chemical element used is Potassium
It can reach 15 ft distance.
Used on Class F fires.
The mist is fine to not spread the burning
oil and works to create a cooling effect
and smother the fire
Potassium salts are created as a fine
mist that is sprayed out and then causes
a reaction so that a soapy layer is
formed on the surface of the fire.
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7. WATER MIST FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Used on Classes A, B, C and electrically
induced and electrically induced fires.
Contains and discharges deionized
water in a spray that forms a fine mist
curtain.
The fine mist particles blanket the
oxygen feeding the fire and also
provide the cooling effect thereby
extinguishing the fire.
It can reach 15 m distance.
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8. CLASS D FIRES
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When the fire involves burning metals like
It becomes even more
important to consider
the energy release.
Putting water on such a fire will result in the fire
getting hotter or even exploding because the metals
react with water in an exothermic reaction.
The metals
react faster
with
than with
and thereby
releasing more
energy
Therefore inert agents like dry sand must be used to
break the chain reaction of metallic combustion.
9. CLASS D FIRE EXTINGUISHER
There are several Class D fire extinguisher agents available, some
will handle multiple types of metals but others will not.
Sodium Chloride
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Copper
Based
Graphite
based
Sodium
Carbonate
Based
10. SODIUM CHLORIDE
Contains sodium chloride salt
and thermoplastic additive.
Useful on most alkali metals such
as
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Plastic melts to form an oxygen
excluding crust over the metal
and the salt dissipates heat.
COPPER BASED
Developed by US Navy in the
70's
Powder smothers and acts as
a heat sink to dissipate heat.
Used for hard to control
lithium and lithium alloy fires.
Also form a copper-lithium
alloy on the surface which is
non- combustible and cuts off
the oxygen supply
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SODIUM CARBONATE BASED
Used where stainless steel
piping and equipment could be
damaged by sodium chloride
based agents
Control sodium, potassium and
sodium potassium alloy fires.
Limited use on other metals
Smothers and forms a crust.
GRAPHITE BASED
Contains dry graphite.
First type developed and
designed for Magnesium,
works on other metals as well.
Unlike sodium chloride
extinguishers it can be used on
very hot burning metals such as
lithium
Unlike copper powder
extinguishers it will not stick to
and extinguish flowing or
vertical lithium fires.
12. LITHIUM ION FIRE EXTINGUISHER
The dangers of lithium-ion battery fires are
with the electrolyte solution in the batteries
rather than the lithium salts they contain.
Lithium-ion battery fires can often build in
intensity as they burn (a process known as
thermal runaway) and will easily re-ignite if
not tackled with a suitable solution.
Each battery utilises a different electrolyte
solution but many contain fluoride which
becomes the highly toxic gas hydrogen
fluoride (HF) when vapourised.
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13. LITHIUM ION FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Contain Aqueous Vermiculite Dispersion
(AVD), a revolutionary fire extinguishing
agent.
The Vermiculite film is not electrically
conductive.
The water content of the extinguisher cools the
fire source, while the Vermiculite platelets
encapsulate the fuel source, creating a
thermal barrier to prevent propagation of the
fire.
AVD is nearly twice as effective as water on a
Class A fire and is environmentally friendly.
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