Fire is the result of a chemical reaction called combustion. There are different classes and types of fires. Class A fires involve solid materials like wood or paper, Class B involve flammable liquids, Class C involve gases and live electrical equipment, and Class D involve metals. There are four main methods to extinguish fires - cooling, starving, smothering, and breaking the chain reaction. Cooling removes heat, starving removes the fuel source, and smothering removes oxygen. Different types of fire extinguishers use these methods, like water which cools, dry chemical powder which coats the fuel to separate it from oxygen, carbon dioxide which removes oxygen, and foam which blankets the fuel to cut off oxygen supply.

1. Prepared By : Jignesh Parmar (jignesh0355@gmail.com)
Fire, Fire Types
And
Fire Extinction

2. What is fire ?
 Fire is the result of a chemical reaction called
combustion.
 The rapid oxidation of a fuel evolving heat,
particulates, gases and non-ionizing radiation.
 A process in which substances combine chemically
with oxygen from the air and typically give out
bright light, heat, and smoke; combustion or burning

3. What is the state of matter of flame?
 Fire is an oxidizing chemical reaction that releases heat and light. The
actual flames that you see moving and glowing when something is
burning are simply gas that is still reacting and giving off light.
Plasmas are gases in which a good fraction of the molecules are
ionized
 The flame itself is a mixture of gases (vaporized fuel, oxygen, carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor, and many other things)

4. Fire Triangle
Each of these Four elements must be present at the same time to have a fire.
FUEL
Any combustible material – solid, liquid or gas
OXYGEN
The air we breathe is about 21%
oxygen – fire needs only
16% oxygen
HEAT
The energy necessary to increase the
temperature of fuel to where sufficien
t vapors are given off for ignition to occur
CHAIN REACTION

7. Classes of fire (As Per Indian Standard)
 Class A - fires involving solid materials such as wood, paper or
textiles.
 Class B - fires involving flammable liquids such as petrol, diesel
or oils.
 Class C - fires involving gases & live electrical apparatus.
 Class D - fires involving metals.
 Class K - fires involving cooking oils such as in deep-fat fryers.

8. Extinction of Fire
Cooling
Starving
Smothering
Breaking chain reaction – fourth method

9. Cooling
 Removing the heat is one of the most effective methods of
fire extinction available, That is why water is a popular
extinguishing material.
 Heat will absorbed by the water and so the fire triangle
will broke down. And fire will be Extinguish.

10. Starving
 While cooling removes the heat/ignition element of the ‘fire triangle’,
starving the blaze of its fuel source approaches extinction from a different
angle.
 A raging fire will burn itself out if it runs out of flammable materials, such
as a bonfire out in the open that isn’t in contact with any other wood or dry
grass.
 Similarly, a gas fire will immediately extinguish if the gas supply is cut off

11. Smothering
 As the other key component present in the chemical reaction that causes
combustion, removing oxygen from the equation is the final way of
extinguishing a fire.
 For example, smothering a frying pan blaze with a fire blanket reduces the
oxygen to below the 16% required to react, while covering a candle with a
glass will snuff it out in a vacuum.
 Smothering is a technique that is mostly applicable to solid fuel fires,
although some materials may contain enough oxygen within their own
chemical makeup to keep the blaze burning.

13. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
Water Fire
Extinguisher
Dry
Chemical
Powder Fire
Extinguisher
ABC Powder
Fire
Extinguisher
CO2 Fire
Extinguisher
Foam Fire
Extinguisher

14. HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

15. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- How to use Fire Extinguisher???
 It’s easy to remember how to
use a fire extinguisher if you
remember the acronym PASS:
 Pull
 Aim
 Squeeze
 Sweep

16. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- How to use Fire Extinguisher???
 Pull the pin or safety clip…
This will allow you to discharge the
extinguisher

17. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- How to use Fire Extinguisher???
Aim at the base of the
fire…
Hit the fuel.
If you aim at the flames...
… the extinguishing agent will fly
right through and do no good.

18. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- How to use Fire Extinguisher???
 Squeeze, rotate or hit the
top of the handle…
This depresses a pin that releases the
pressurized extinguishing agent.

19. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- How to use Fire Extinguisher???
Sweep from side to
side…
.. until the fire is completely out.
Start using the extinguisher from a safe
distance away, then slowly move
forward.
Once the fire is out, keep an eye on
the area in case it re-ignites.

20. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Water Fire Extinguisher
Water Fire Extinguishers
 Water is best fire Water (W/CO2)
Fire Extinguishers extinguisher
suitable to deal fires involving
ordinary carbonaceous materials
like wood, paper, cloth, rubber
& jute. Water extinguishes fire
rapidly by striking, instant
cooling & quenching effects.
 Filled with water and
pressurized CO2 Gas Cartridge,
they are essentially large squirt
guns.

21. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Water Fire Extinguisher
How Water Extinguisher
works?
 Water extinguish fire by
taking away the “HEAT”
element of the Fire
Triangle.
OXYGEN

22. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Water Fire Extinguisher
CAUTION for Water Extinguisher.
• Using water on a flammable
liquid fire could cause the
fire to spread.
• Using water on an electrical
fire increases the risk of
electrocution. If you have
no choice but to use a
Water on an electrical fire,
make sure the electrical
equipment is un-plugged or
de-energized.
W/CO2 is designed for Class A fire
only:
Wood, paper, cloth & combustible
material.

23. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Water Fire Extinguisher
Where you will find Water
Extinguisher?
• Risk of fire A type
• Building, Resident hall
• Textile/Wood industries
• Godown
Where ever Fire A type risk
exists, water extinguisher is to
be installed.

24. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- Dry Chemical Powder (BC) Fire
Extinguisher
Dry Chemical Powder (BC)
Fire Extinguishers
 Dry chemical extinguishers with
powder designed for Class B and
C fires (“BC” extinguishers).
 It is filled with dry powder which
expelled by CO2 pressure when
operated.

25. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- Dry Chemical Powder (BC) Fire
Extinguisher
How Dry Chemical Powder
(BC) Fire Extinguisher
works?
 Dry chemical extinguishers put out
fire by coating the fuel with a thin
layer of dust. This separates the
fuel from the oxygen in the air.
 These extinguishers are very
effective at putting out class B & C
fires.
OXYGEN

26. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- Dry Chemical Powder (BC)Fire
Extinguisher
Where you will find Dry
Chemical Powder (BC) Fire
Extinguisher.
• Risk of fire B & C type
• Chemical Storage Area
• Laboratories
• Liquid/Gas fuel storage
area
Where ever Fire B & C type risk
exists, DCP(BC) extinguisher is to
be installed.

27. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- Dry Chemical Powder(ABC) Fire
Extinguisher
Dry Chemical Powder(ABC)
Fire Extinguishers
 “ABC” fire extinguishers are
filled with a fine yellow
powder. The greatest
portion of this powder is
composed of mono
ammonium phosphate. The
extinguishers are pressurized
with Carbon Dioxide.

28. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- Dry Chemical Powder (ABC)Fire
Extinguisher
How Dry Chemical Powder
Fire (ABC) Extinguisher
works?
 ABC Dry chemical extinguishers
put out fire by coating the fuel
with a thin layer of dust. This
separates the fuel from the oxygen
in the air.
 The powder also works to interrupt
the chemical reaction of fire.
These extinguishers are very
effective at putting out fire.
OXYGEN

29. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- Dry Chemical Powder (ABC)Fire
Extinguisher
Where you will find Dry
Chemical Powder (ABC)
Fire Extinguisher.
• Risk of fire A, B & C
type
• Chemical Storage Area
• Laboratories
• Liquid/Gas fuel storage
area
Where ever Fire A, B & C type risk
exists, DCP(ABC) extinguisher is to
be installed.

30. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher
Carbon Dioxide Fire
Extinguishers
 It is highly pressurized
carbon dioxide cylinder.
 When carbon dioxide
released, due to
reduction in pressure
dry ice use to form

31. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher
How Carbon Dioxide Fire
Extinguisher works?
 Carbon dioxide is a non-
flammable gas that takes away
the oxygen element of the fire
triangle. Without oxygen, there
is no fire.
OXYGEN

32. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher
CAUTION for CO2 fire Extinguisher.
 A CO2 may be ineffective in
extinguishing a Class A fire
because it may not be able to
displace enough oxygen to
successfully put the fire out.
 Class A materials may also
smolder and re-ignite when CO2
type extinguisher used.
 It forms dry ice and it make loud
sound.
 Always use insulated handle to
protect yourself from cold burn.
Where ever Fire B & C type risk
exists, CO2 extinguisher is to be
installed.

33. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- Carbon Dioxide Fire ire Extinguisher
Where you will find Carbon
Dioxide Fire Extinguisher.
• Risk of fire B & C type
• Chemical Storage Area
• Laboratories
• Liquid fuel storage area
• Electrical/Electronics
installation
Where ever Fire B & C type risk exists,
CO2 extinguisher is to be installed

34. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
- Foam Fire Extinguisher
Foam Fire Extinguishers
 Foam is a powerful knockdown
agent for spill fires involving
inflammable liquids. This
extinguisher forms a thick later
of foam over the burning
surface, effectively cutting of
atmospheric supply of oxygen to
the burning surface there by
smothering the fire and
preventing re-ignition. Foam
extinguishes fire by giving
blanketing effect.

35. Type and Use of Fire Extinguisher
-Foam Fire Extinguisher
How Foam Fire Extinguisher
works?
 Mechanical Foam (AFFF)
extinguish fire by taking away
the “Heat” & “Oxygen”
element of the Fire Triangle.
OXYGEN

38. Emergency Window in railway

39. Thank you
BY : Jignesh Parmar (7226889999)