Power Point Presentation on a research carried on Sleep Paralysis in Japanese and Canadian college students. Topic covered ~ What is sleep paralysis?, Introduction, Objective, methodology, results, discussion and conclusion.

1. The Prevalence of
Sleep Paralysis
Among Canadian
and Japanese
College Students
Presented by
32 Prapti Pawar
33 Mutaiba Qureshi

2. What is Sleep Paralysis?
Sleep paralysis is a condition identified by a brief loss of muscle control, known
as atonia , just after falling asleep or waking up; people often experience
hallucinations during episodes of sleep paralysis.
 Two types: a) Isolated sleep paralysis (ISP)
b) Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis (RISP)
 Three categories of Hallucinations:
a) Intruder hallucination
b) Chest pressure hallucination
C) Vestibular-motor (V-M) hallucination
Reason to choose: Common problem

3. Introduction
• Treated as part of the symptomatic tetrad of narcolepsy,
• The Diagnostic Classification of Sleep and Arousal Disorders (Association of Sleep Disorders
Centers, 1979) indicated that sleep paralysis can occur in normal individuals.
• Research by:
1. Goode (1962)- Not more than 3-6%
2. Everett (1963)- 15.4%
3. Penn, Kripke, and Scharff (1981)- 16.3%
4. Bell, Shakoor, and Thompson (1984)- 40% { An Afro-American population }
• Bell et al. (1984)
• Ness (1978)- 62.3% Euro-Canadian reported the "old hag" phenomenon, folklore name
5. Fukuda, Miyasita, Inugami, and Ishihara (1987)- 40% of Japanese college students reported
6. Wing, Lee and Chen (1994)- found in Chinese population.
• New sleep disorders classification (ICSD, 1990)
3

4. Presentation title 4
Objective

5. 5
METHODOLOGY
• questionnaire was prepared
• questionnaire was administrated to Canadian and
Japanese university student
• Questionnaire contain questions related to
-sleep paralysis
-Sleep posture
-About narcolepsy
-Personnel attitude towards supernatural events

6. Result
6
• Questionnaire was responded by -
1) 86 Canadian (23=males &
63=females )
2)149 Japanese (88=males &
61=females )
• 45 out 86 Canadian
• 66 out of 149 Japanese
Reported experiencing sleep paralysis

7. Discussion
7
• In Japan, there is folk name for sleep paralysis episodes:
"kanashibari“
98% of Japanese Students know this phenomena
• Canadians think of their sleep paralysis episodes as dreams
may help to explain the discrepancies among previous
studies of the prevalence of sleep paralysis

8. 8
Conclusion
• After survey they found SOREMPs in the bed condition
during morning
• the supine position is the most suitable position for
reducing muscle tone,
• consequently the most likely position to accompany
sleep paralysis episodes

9. Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our professor
Delphine P. To help us to how to present the research paper
by giving us brief ideas, and I would also thanks to Everett
,Penn, Kripke, and Scharff ,Bell, Shakoor, and Thompson
,Bell et al. ,Ness ,Fukuda, Miyasita, Inugami, and Ishihara
,Wing, Lee and Chen ,to research on such a significant topic
to create awareness
The authors thank Ms. Y. Nemoto for her helpful assistance
in analyzing the data .

10. Characteristics of REM sleep accompanied by sleep
paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations in
narcoleptic patients. Waking and Sleeping, 2, 113-123.
Hishikawa, Y., Nan'no, H., Tachibana, M., Furuya, E., Koida,
H., Kaneko, Z. (1968). The nature of
sleep attack and other symptoms of narcolepsy.
Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology,
24, 1-10.
Hufford, D. (1982). The terror that comes in the night.
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Ichihara, S., Miyasita, A., Inugami, M., Yatabe, M., Niimi, Y.,
Ishihara, K., Miyauchi, S. (1979). Com
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Clinical Electroencephalography
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Ness, R. C. (1978). The old hag phenomenon as sleep
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Penn, N. E., Kripke, D. F., Scharff, J. (1981). Sleep paralysis
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10
Association of Sleep Disorders Centers, Diagnostic classification of
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(1979). Sleep, 2, 1-137.
Bell, C. C, Shakoor, B., Thompson, B., (1984). Prevalence of isolated
sleep paralysis in black subjects.
Journal of National Medical Association, 76, 501-S08.
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Everett, H. C. (1963). Sleep paralysis in medical students. Journal of
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References

11. Thank you
Everyone for your patience
hearing